Non-Native Plant Species List – Alaska Center for Conservation Science

ACCS has been tracking all non-native plants known to occur in Alaska since 2002. To qualify for listing, the species must be found escaped outside of a designated planting/gardening area and not on private lands. The designation of nativity status for plants involves a careful review of the known distribution of the species and documentation of earliest establishment in our region. We consider the context of early botanical explorers documenting the flora of Alaska by using historic floras, herbaria records, and current scientific literature to inform our listing decisions and document the first presence in our region. Here we list the non-native plant species known to or likely to occur in our region. In collaboration with biologists, land managers, and weed scientists across the state, ACCS has developed an invasive plant ranking system that helps evaluate the potential invasiveness and impacts of non-native plants to natural areas in Alaska (Carlson et al. 2008). Most species have biographies and an invasiveness rank.

The AKEPIC list is maintained by ACCS Botanists, please report new species to Justin Fulkerson

Scientific Name	Symbol	Common Name	Rank	Family	Est.	Occurrence	Synonyms
*Acer negundo* L.	ACNE2	boxelder		Aceraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Achillea filipendulina* Lam.	ACFI	fernleaf yarrow		Asteraceae	2005	Alaska	Achillea filipendulina
*Achillea ptarmica* L.	ACPT	sneezeweed	46	Asteraceae	1913	Alaska	Achillea ptarmica
*Acroptilon repens* (L.) DC.	ACRE3	hardheads	66	Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only	Rhaponticum repens
*Aegopodium podagraria* L.	AEPO	bishop's goutweed	57	Apiaceae	2006	Alaska	Aegopodium podagraria, Aegopodium podagraria var. variegatum
*Agropyron cristatum* (L.) Gaertn.	AGCR	crested wheatgrass		Poaceae	1939	Alaska	Agropyron cristatum
*Agropyron fragile* (Roth) P. Candargy	AGFR	Siberian wheatgrass		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Agropyron sibiricum, Agropyron fragile ssp. sibiricum, Agropyron cristatum ssp. fragile, Agropyron fragile var. fragile, Agropyron fragile var. sibiricum, Eremopyrum sibiricum, Triticum sibiricum, Agropyron cristatum ssp. sibiricum
*Agrostemma githago* L.	AGGI	common corncockle		Caryophyllaceae	2006	Alaska	Agrostemma githago
*Agrostis capillaris* L.	AGCA5	colonial bentgrass		Poaceae	1941	Alaska	Agrostis tenuis var. aristata, Agrostis tenuis var. hispida, Agrostis tenuis var. pumila, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vulgaris, Agrostis sylvatica, Agrostis tenuis
*Agrostis gigantea* Roth	AGGI2	redtop		Poaceae	1902	Alaska	Agrostis stolonifera ssp. gigantea, Agrostis stolonifera var. major, Agrostis alba, Agrostis gigantea, Agrostis gigantea var. dispar, Agrostis nigra
*Agrostis stolonifera* L.	AGST2	creeping bentgrass		Poaceae	1918	Alaska	Agrostis stolonifera, Agrostis stolonifera var. compacta, Agrostis alba var. palustris, Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris, Agrostis alba var. stolonifera, Agrostis maritima, Agrostis palustris
*Aira caryophyllea* L.	AICA	silver hairgrass		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Aira caryophyllea
*Alchemilla mollis* (Buser) Rothm.	ALMO12	lady's mantle	56	Rosaceae	2006	Alaska	Alchemilla mollis
*Alchemilla monticola* Opiz	ALMO4	hairy lady's mantle	56	Rosaceae	1979	Alaska	Alchemilla monticola, Alchemilla pratensis, Alchemilla vulgaris, Alchemilla vulgaris var. pastoralis, Alchemilla xanthochlora
*Alliaria petiolata* (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande	ALPE4	garlic mustard	70	Brassicaceae	2002	Alaska	Alliaria alliaria, Alliaria officinalis, Alliaria petiolata, Erysimum alliaria, Sisymbrium alliaria
*Alnus glutinosa* (L.) Gaertn.	ALGL2	European alder	61	Betulaceae		Alaska Watchlist	Alnus glutinosa
*Alopecurus arundinaceus* Poir.	ALAR	creeping meadow foxtail		Poaceae	2011	Alaska	Alopecurus arundinaceus
*Alopecurus geniculatus* L.	ALGE2	water foxtail	49	Poaceae	1940	Alaska	Alopecurus geniculatus, Alopecurus geniculatus var. geniculatus, Alopecurus pallescens
*Alopecurus pratensis* L.	ALPR3	meadow foxtail	52	Poaceae	1934	Alaska	Alopecurus pratensis
*Alyssum alyssoides* (L.) L.	ALAL3	alyssum		Brassicaceae	1954	Alaska	Alyssum alyssoides
*Amaranthus albus* L.	AMAL	prostrate pigweed		Amaranthaceae	2003	Alaska	Amaranthus pubescens, Amaranthus albus, Amaranthus albus var. pubescens, Amaranthus graecizans var. pubescens
*Amaranthus retroflexus* L.	AMRE	redroot amaranth	45	Amaranthaceae	1918	Alaska	Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus retroflexus var. salicifolius
*Amsinckia lycopsoides* Lehm.	AMLY	tarweed fiddleneck		Boraginaceae	1918	Alaska	Amsinckia barbata, Amsinckia lycopsoides, Benthamia lycopsoides
*Amsinckia menziesii* (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr.	AMME	Menzies' fiddleneck		Boraginaceae	1913	Alaska	Amsinckia menziesii
*Angelica archangelica* L.	ANAR9	Norwegian angelica		Apiaceae	2017	Adjacent Canada only
*Anthemis cotula* L.	ANCO2	stinking chamomile	41	Asteraceae	1899	Alaska	Maruta cotula, Anthemis cotula
*Anthoxanthum odoratum* L.	ANOD	sweet vernalgrass		Poaceae	1929	Alaska	Anthoxanthum odoratum, Anthoxanthum odoratum ssp. odoratum
*Anthriscus sylvestris* (L.) Hoffm.	ANSY	wild chervil		Apiaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)	Anthriscus sylvestris, Chaerophyllum sylvestre
*Arabis alpina* L.	ARAL8	alpine rockcress		Brassicaceae		Alaska Watchlist	Arabis caucasica, Arabis alpina
*Arctium lappa* L.	ARLA3	greater burdock		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only	Arctium lappa
*Arctium minus* Bernh.	ARMI2	common burdock	49	Asteraceae	2006	Alaska	Arctium minus
*Armoracia rusticana* G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb.	ARRU4	horseradish		Brassicaceae	1997	Alaska	Armoracia rusticana
*Arrhenatherum elatius* (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl	AREL3	tall oatgrass		Poaceae	1902	Alaska	Arrhenatherum elatius
*Artemisia biennis* Willd.	ARBI2	biennial wormwood		Asteraceae	1968	Alaska	Artemisia biennis, Artemisia biennis var. biennis
*Artemisia vulgaris* L.	ARVU	common wormwood		Asteraceae	2003	Alaska	Artemisia vulgaris var. vulgaris, Artemisia vulgaris var. coarctata, Artemisia vulgaris var. glabra, Artemisia vulgaris var. kamtschatica, Artemisia selengensis, Artemisia vulgaris var. latiloba, Artemisia tilesii var. aleutica, Artemisia vulgaris var. se
*Asperugo procumbens* L.	ASPR	German-madwort		Boraginaceae	1941	Alaska	Asperugo procumbens
*Astragalus cicer* L.	ASCI4	chickpea milkvetch		Fabaceae	2000	Alaska	Astragalus cicer
*Atriplex hortensis* L.	ATHO	garden orache		Amaranthaceae	1946	Alaska	Atriplex hortensis var. atrosanguinea, Atriplex hortensis var. rubra, Atriplex nitens, Atriplex acuminata, Atriplex hortensis, Atriplex hortensis ssp. nitens
*Atriplex patula* L.	ATPA4	spear saltbush		Amaranthaceae	1939	Alaska	Atriplex patula var. erecta, Atriplex patula var. japonica, Atriplex patula var. patula, Atriplex patula, Atriplex patula var. bracteata
*Aurinia saxatilis* (L.) Desv.	AUSA	basket of gold		Brassicaceae	1991	Alaska	Aurinia saxatilis
*Avena fatua* L.	AVFA	wild oat		Poaceae	1941	Alaska	Avena fatua, Avena fatua var. glabrata, Avena fatua var. vilis
*Avena sativa* L.	AVSA	common oat		Poaceae	1918	Alaska	Avena sativa, Avena sativa var. orientalis, Avena byzantina, Avena fatua var. sativa
*Axyris amaranthoides* L.	AXAM	Russian pigweed		Amaranthaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Axyris amaranthoides
*Barbarea verna* (Mill.) Asch.	BAVE	early yellowrocket		Brassicaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Barbarea praecox, Campe verna, Erysimum vernum
*Barbarea vulgaris* W.T. Aiton	BAVU	garden yellowrocket		Brassicaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Barbarea arcuata, Campe barbarea, Barbarea vulgaris var. arcuata, Barbarea vulgaris var. brachycarpa, Barbarea vulgaris var. longisiliquosa, Barbarea vulgaris var. sylvestris
*Bellis perennis* L.	BEPE2	lawndaisy		Asteraceae	1937	Alaska	Bellis perennis
*Berteroa incana* (L.) DC.	BEIN2	hoary alyssum		Brassicaceae	1970	Alaska	Alyssum incanum, Berteroa incana
*Betula pendula* Roth	BEPE3	European white birch		Betulaceae	2005	Alaska	Betula pendula
*Bidens cernua* L.	BICE	nodding beggartick		Asteraceae	1909	Alaska	Bidens cernua var. radiata, Bidens cernua var. dentata, Bidens glaucescens, Bidens cernua var. elliptica, Bidens cernua var. integra, Bidens cernua var. minima, Bidens cernua, Bidens cernua var. oligodonta, Bidens cernua var. cernua
*Bidens frondosa* L.	BIFR	devil's beggartick		Asteraceae	1968	Alaska	Bidens frondosa var. pallida, Bidens frondosa var. stenodonta, Bidens frondosa, Bidens frondosa var. anomala, Bidens frondosa var. caudata
*Borago officinalis* L.	BOOF	common borage		Boraginaceae	1998	Alaska	Borago officinalis
*Brachypodium sylvaticum* (Huds.) P. Beauv.	BRSY	slender false brome	70	Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Festuca sylvatica, Agropyron sylvaticum, Brachypodium miserum, Brachypodium pubescens, Brachypodium wattii, Brevipodium sylvaticum, Bromus dumosus, Bromus sylvaticus, Triticum sylvaticum, Brachypodium sylvaticum ssp. dumosum, Brachypodium sylvaticum ssp. pubescens, Brachypodium gracile var. pubescens, Brevipodium sylvaticum var. dumosum
*Brassica juncea* (L.) Czern.	BRJU	indian mustard		Brassicaceae	1925	Alaska	Brassica willdenowii, Brassica integrifolia, Sinapis juncea, Brassica japonica, Brassica juncea, Brassica juncea var. crispifolia, Brassica juncea var. japonica
*Brassica napus* L.	BRNA	rape	47	Brassicaceae	1913	Alaska	Brassica napus
*Brassica rapa* L.	BRRA	field mustard	50	Brassicaceae	1925	Alaska	Brassica campestris var. rapa, Brassica rapa ssp. rapifera, Brassica rapa, Brassica rapa ssp. sylvestris, Brassica rapa var. campestris, Brassica rapa ssp. campestris, Brassica rapa var. rapa, Brassica campestris, Brassica rapa ssp. olifera, Caulanthus su
*Bromus briziformis* Fisch. & C.A. Mey.	BRBR5	rattlesnake brome		Poaceae	1941	Alaska	Bromus brizaeformis, Bromus briziformis
*Bromus hordeaceus* L.	BRHO2	soft brome		Poaceae	1929	Alaska	Bromus hordeaceus
*Bromus inermis* Leyss.	BRIN2	smooth brome	62	Poaceae	1914	Alaska	Bromus inermis, Bromus inermis ssp. inermis, Bromus inermis ssp. inermis var. inermis, Bromus inermis var. inermis, Bromopsis inermis
*Bromus japonicus* Thunb. ex Murray	BRJA	field brome		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Bromus patulus, Bromus japonicus var. porrectus, Bromus cyri, Bromus kochii, Bromus pendulus, Bromus phrygius, Bromus subsquarrosus, Bromus unilateralis, Bromus vestitus, Forasaccus patulus, Serrafalcus patulus, Bromus japonicus ssp. phrygius, Bromus japonicus ssp. subsquarrosus, Bromus arvensis var. japonicus, Bromus arvensis var. patulus, Bromus japonicus var. patulus, Bromus japonicus var. phrygius, Bromus japonicus var. sooi, Bromus japonicus var. subsquarrosus, Bromus japonicus var. vestitus, Bromus squarrosus var. patulus
*Bromus racemosus* L.	BRRA2	bald brome		Poaceae	1941	Alaska	Bromus commutatus, Bromus commutatus var. apricorum, Bromus popovii, Bromus racemosus
*Bromus secalinus* L.	BRSE	rye brome		Poaceae	1918	Alaska	Bromus secalinus, Bromus secalinus var. hirsutus, Bromus secalinus var. hirtus, Bromus secalinus var. secalinus
*Bromus tectorum* L.	BRTE	cheatgrass	78	Poaceae	1923	Alaska	Anisantha tectorum, Bromus tectorum, Bromus tectorum var. glabratus, Bromus tectorum var. hirsutus, Bromus tectorum var. nudus
*Calendula officinalis* L.	CAOF	calendula		Asteraceae	2006	Alaska	Calendula officinalis
*Calystegia sepium* (L.) R. Br.	CASE13	hedge false bindweed		Convolvulaceae	2006	Alaska	Calystegia sepium
*Camelina microcarpa* Andrz. ex DC.	CAMI2	littlepod false flax		Brassicaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Camelina sativa ssp. microcarpa
*Camelina sativa* (L.) Crantz	CASA2	gold-of-pleasure		Brassicaceae	1918	Alaska	Camelina sativa, Camelina sativa ssp. sativa, Myagrum sativum, Camelina parodii
*Campanula glomerata* L.	CAGL2	Dane's blood		Campanulaceae	2008	Alaska	Campanula glomerata
*Campanula medium* L.	CAME20	Canterbury bells		Campanulaceae	2008	Alaska	Campanula medium
*Campanula rapunculoides* L.	CARA	rampion bellflower	64	Campanulaceae	2007	Alaska	Campanula rapunculoides, Campanula rapunculoides var. ucranica
*Capsella bursa-pastoris* (L.) Medik.	CABU2	shepherd's purse	40	Brassicaceae	1918	Alaska	Bursa bursa-pastoris var. bifida, Bursa gracilis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Capsella rubella, Thlaspi bursa-pastoris, Bursa bursa-pastoris
*Caragana arborescens* Lam.	CAAR18	Siberian peashrub	74	Fabaceae	1995	Alaska	Caragana arborescens, Caragana arborescens var. pendula, Caragana fruticosa
*Carduus acanthoides* L.	CAAC	spiny plumeless thistle	61	Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Carduus nutans* L.	CANU4	nodding plumeless thistle	61	Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only	Carduus thoermeri, Carduus macrocephalus, Carduus macrolepis, Carduus nutans ssp. leiophyllus, Carduus nutans ssp. macrocephalus, Carduus nutans ssp. macrolepis, Carduus nutans ssp. nutans, Carduus nutans var. leiophyllus, Carduus nutans var. macrocephalus, Carduus nutans var. vestitus
*Carduus pycnocephalus* L.	CAPY2	Italian plumeless thistle	61	Asteraceae		Alaska Watchlist
*Carduus tenuiflorus* W. Curtis	CATE2	winged plumeless thistle	61	Asteraceae		Alaska Watchlist
*Carex stipata* Muhl. ex Willd.	CAST5	awlfruit sedge		Cyperaceae	1993	Alaska	Carex stipata
*Carthamus tinctorius* L.	CATI	safflower		Asteraceae	2004	Alaska (unconfirmed)	Cathamus tinctorius
*Castilleja tenuis* (A. Heller) T.I. Chuang & Heckard	CATE26	hairy Indian paintbrush		Orobanchaceae	1918	Alaska	Orthocarpus hispidus
*Centaurea cyanus* L.	CECY2	garden cornflower		Asteraceae	2008	Alaska	Centaurea cyanus
*Centaurea montana* L.	CEMO	perennial cornflower	46	Asteraceae	2005	Alaska	Centaurea montana, Centaurea montana var. alba
*Centaurea scabiosa* L.	CESC2	greater knapweed		Asteraceae	2004	Alaska	Centaurea scabiosa
*Centaurea stoebe* L.	CEST8	spotted knapweed	86	Asteraceae	2004	Alaska	Centaurea stoebe
*Cerastium fontanum* Baumg. ssp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet	CEFOV2	big chickweed	36	Caryophyllaceae	1899	Alaska	Cerastium vulgatum var. hirsutum, Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare, Cerastium vulgatum var. holosteoides, Cerastium holosteoides, Cerastium holosteoides var. vulgare, Cerastium adsurgens, Cerastium triviale, Cerastium fontanum ssp. holosteoides, Cerastium
*Cerastium glomeratum* Thuill.	CEGL2	sticky chickweed	36	Caryophyllaceae	1913	Alaska	Cerastium viscosum, Cerastium acutatum, Cerastium glomeratum, Cerastium glomeratum var. apetalum
*Cerastium nutans* Raf.	CENU2	nodding chickweed		Caryophyllaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Cerastium tomentosum* L.	CETO2	snow in summer		Caryophyllaceae	2006	Alaska	Cerastium tomentosum
*Chaenorhinum minus* (L.) Lange	CHMI	dwarf snapdragon		Plantaginaceae	2007	Alaska	Chaenorhinum minus
*Chenopodium album* L.	CHALA	lambsquarters	37	Amaranthaceae	1902	Alaska	Chenopodium missouriense var. bushianum, Chenopodium album var. polymorphum, Chenopodium paganum, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium suecicum, Chenopodium giganteum, Chenopodium album var. album, Chenopodium lanceolatum, Chenopodium album var. lanceolatum, Chenopodium missouriense, Chenopodium album var. missouriense
*Chenopodium leptophyllum* (Moq.) Nutt. ex S. Watson	CHLE4	narrowleaf goosefoot		Amaranthaceae	1950	Alaska	Chenopodium leptophyllum, Chenopodium album var. leptophyllum
*Chenopodium rubrum* L.	CHRU	red goosefoot		Amaranthaceae	1968	Alaska	Chenopodium rubrum, Chenopodium rubrum var. rubrum
*Chenopodium simplex* (Torr.) Raf.	CHSI2	mapleleaf goosefoot		Amaranthaceae	1995	Alaska	Chenopodium hybridum ssp. gigantospermum, Chenopodium hybridum var. gigantospermum, Chenopodium hybridum var. simplex, Chenopodium gigantospermum, Chenopodium simplex, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium hybridum ssp. giganthospermum
*Cichorium intybus* L.	CIIN	chicory		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only	Cichorium intybus var. foliosum, Cichorium intybus var. sativum
*Cirsium arvense* (L.) Scop.	CIAR4	Canada thistle	76	Asteraceae	1925	Alaska	Cirsium arvense var. argenteum, Cirsium setosum, Cirsium arvense var. horridum, Breea arvensis, Serratula arvensis, Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium, Breea incana, Cirsium arvense var. mite, Carduus arvensis, Cirsium arvense var. vestitum, Cirsium arven
*Cirsium vulgare* (Savi) Ten.	CIVU	bull thistle	61	Asteraceae	1941	Alaska	Carduus lanceolatus, Carduus vulgaris, Cirsium lanceolatum, Cirsium lanceolatum var. hypoleucum, Cirsium vulgare
*Clematis tangutica* (Maxim.) Korsh.	CLTA2	golden tiara clematis		Ranunculaceae	2009	Alaska	Clematis tangutica
*Clinopodium douglasii* (Benth.) Kuntze	CLDO2	yerba buena		Lamiaceae	1891	Alaska	Micromeria douglasii
*Collomia linearis* Nutt.	COLI2	tiny trumpet		Polemoniaceae	1931	Alaska	Collomia linearis
*Conium maculatum* L.	COMA2	poison hemlock		Apiaceae	2006	Alaska	Conium maculatum
*Conringia orientalis* (L.) Dumort.	COOR	hare's ear mustard		Brassicaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Brassica orientalis
*Convallaria majalis* L.	COMA7	European lily of the valley		Liliaceae		Alaska Watchlist
*Convolvulus arvensis* L.	COAR4	field bindweed	56	Convolvulaceae	2004	Alaska	Convolvulus arvensis
*Conyza canadensis* (L.) Cronquist	COCA5	Canadian horseweed		Asteraceae	1982	Alaska	Erigeron canadensis, Erigeron canadensis var. glabratus, Leptilon canadense, Conyza canadensis, Conyza canadensis var. canadensis, Conyza canadensis var. glabrata
*Cota tinctoria* (L.) J. Gay	COTI4	golden chamomile		Asteraceae	1941	Alaska	Anthemis tinctoria, Cota tinctoria
*Cotoneaster simonsii* Baker	COSI82	Simons' cotoneaster	42	Rosaceae	2014	Alaska	Cotoneaster simonsii
*Cotula coronopifolia* L.	COCO7	common brassbuttons	42	Asteraceae	1932	Alaska	Cotula coronopifolia
*Crepis capillaris* (L.) Wallr.	CRCA3	smooth hawksbeard		Asteraceae	1996	Alaska	Crepis capillaris
*Crepis tectorum* L.	CRTE3	narrowleaf hawksbeard	56	Asteraceae	1970	Alaska	Crepis tectorum
*Cryptantha torreyana* (A. Gray) Greene	CRTO4	Torrey's cryptantha		Boraginaceae	1902	Alaska	Cryptantha torreyana, Cryptantha torreyana var. calycosa, Cryptantha torreyana var. pumila, Cryptantha calycosa, Cryptantha eastwoodiae, Cryptantha flexulosa
*Cytisus scoparius* (L.) Link	CYSC4	Scotch broom	69	Fabaceae	1983	Alaska	Cytisus scoparius
*Dactylis glomerata* L.	DAGL	orchardgrass	53	Poaceae	1902	Alaska	Dactylis glomerata, Dactylis glomerata ssp. glomerata, Dactylis glomerata var. ciliata, Dactylis glomerata var. detonsa, Dactylis glomerata var. vivipara
*Daphne mezereum* L.	DAME3	paradise plant		Thymelaeaceae	1998	Alaska	Daphne mezereum
*Daucus carota* L.	DACA6	Queen Anne's lace		Apiaceae	2005	Alaska	Daucus carota
*Deschampsia danthonioides* (Trin.) Munro	DEDA	annual hairgrass		Poaceae	1941	Alaska	Aira danthonioides, Deschampsia calycina, Deschampsia danthonioides, Deschampsia danthonioides var. gracilis
*Deschampsia elongata* (Hook.) Munro	DEEL	slender hairgrass	35	Poaceae	1945	Alaska	Deschampsia elongata, Aira elongata
*Descurainia sophia* (L.) Webb ex Prantl	DESO2	herb sophia	41	Brassicaceae	1920	Alaska	Sophia sophia, Descurainia sophia, Sisymbrium sophia
*Dianthus barbatus* L.	DIBA	sweetwilliam		Caryophyllaceae	1995	Alaska	Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus barbatus ssp. barbatus
*Dianthus deltoides* L.	DIDE	maiden pink		Caryophyllaceae	2005	Alaska	Dianthus deltoides
*Dianthus plumarius* L.	DIPL	feathered pink		Caryophyllaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Digitalis purpurea* L.	DIPU	purple foxglove	51	Plantaginaceae	2004	Alaska	Digitalis purpurea
*Digitaria ischaemum* (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.	DIIS	smooth crabgrass		Poaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)	Syntherisma ischaemum, Panicum ischaemum, Digitaria glabra, Digitaria humifusa, Panicum glabrum, Panicum humifusum, Paspalum glabrum, Paspalum humifusum, Syntherisma glabra, Syntherisma humifusum, Panicum phaeocarpum var. drummondianum
*Digitaria sanguinalis* (L.) Scop.	DISA	hairy crabgrass		Poaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)	Panicum sanguinale, Syntherisma sanguinalis, Asperella digitaria, Cynodon praecox, Dactylon sanguinale, Digitaria plebeia, Digitaria praecox, Digitaria vulgaris, Milium sanguinale, Panicum sanguinalis, Paspalum sanguinale, Syntherisma praecox, Syntherisma vulgare, Syntherisma vulgaris, Digitaria sanguinalis ssp. vulgaris, Digitaria sanguinalis var. sanguinalis, Panicum sanguinale var. vulgare
*Dracocephalum moldavica* L.	DRMO	Moldavian dragonhead		Lamiaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)	Moldavica moldavica
*Dracocephalum thymiflorum* L.	DRTH	thymeleaf dragonhead		Lamiaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Moldavica thymiflora
*Dulichium arundinaceum* (L.) Britton var. arundinaceum	DUARA	three-way sedge		Cyperaceae	1993	Alaska
*Echinochloa crus-galli* (L.) P. Beauv.	ECCR	barnyardgrass		Poaceae	2014	Alaska	Echinochloa crus-galli ssp. spiralis, Echinochloa crus-galli
*Elodea canadensis* Michx.	ELODE	Canadian waterweed	79	Hydrocharitaceae	1982	Alaska	Anacharis canadensis, Elodea planchonii, Anacharis canadensis var. planchonii, Philotria canadensis, Elodea brandegeeae, Philotria linearis, Elodea canadensis, Elodea ioensis, Elodea linearis
*Elodea nuttallii* (Planch.) H. St. John	ELODE	western waterweed	79	Hydrocharitaceae	1982	Alaska	Elodea nuttallii
*Elymus canadensis* L.	ELCA4	Canada wildrye		Poaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)	Elymus philadelphicus, Elymus canadensis var. hirsutus, Elymus philadelphicus var. hirsutus, Clinelymus canadensis, Hordeum canadense, Hordeum patulum, Roegneria canadensis, Sitanion brodiei, Terrellia canadensis, Elymus canadensis var. pendulus, Elymus canadensis var. philadelphicus, Elymus philadelphicus var. pendulus, Elymus robustus var. vestitus
*Elymus repens* (L.) Gould	ELRE4	quackgrass	59	Poaceae	1918	Alaska	Elytrigia repens, Elytrigia repens var. vaillantiana, Elytrigia vaillantiana, Agropyron repens, Triticum repens, Agropyron repens var. subulatum, Triticum vaillantianum, Elymus repens
*Elymus sibiricus* L.	ELSI	Siberian wildrye	53	Poaceae	1999	Alaska	Elymus sibiricus
*Eragrostis intermedia* Hitchc.	ERIN	plains lovegrass		Poaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)	Eragrostis lugens var. major
*Erodium cicutarium* (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton	ERCI6	redstem stork's bill		Geraniaceae	1909	Alaska	Erodium cicutarium
*Erucastrum gallicum* (Willd.) O.E. Schulz	ERGA	common dogmustard		Brassicaceae	1994	Alaska	Erucastrum gallicum, Brassica erucastrum
*Erysimum capitatum* (Douglas ex Hook.) Greene (cultivar)	ERCA14	sanddune wallflower		Brassicaceae	2004	Alaska
*Erysimum cheiri* (L.) Crantz	ERCH10	Aegean wallflower		Brassicaceae	2011	Alaska	Erysimum cheiri
*Erysimum cheirianthoides* L.	ERCH9	wormseed wallflower		Brassicaceae	1909	Alaska	Cheirinia cheiranthoides, Erysimum cheiranthoides, Erysimum cheiranthoides ssp. cheiranthoides
*Eschscholzia californica* Cham.	ESCA2	California poppy		Papaveraceae	1995	Alaska	Eschscholzia californica
*Euphorbia cyparissias* L.	EUCY2	cypress spurge		Euphorbiaceae	2014	Alaska	Euphorbia cyparissias
*Euphorbia esula* L.	EUES	leafy spurge	84	Euphorbiaceae	2012	Alaska	Euphorbia esula
*Euphorbia peplus* L.	EUPE6	petty spurge		Euphorbiaceae	1974	Alaska	Euphorbia peplus, Galarhoeus peplus, Tithymalus peplus
*Euphrasia nemorosa* (Pers.) Wallr.	EUNE3	common eyebright	42	Orobanchaceae	2000	Alaska	Euphrasia nemorosa, Euphrasia americana, Euphrasia pectinata, Euphrasia arctica ssp. borealis, Euphrasia tatarica, Euphrasia borealis, Euphrasia canadensis, Euphrasia curta
*Fagopyrum esculentum* Moench	FAES2	buckwheat		Polygonaceae	1974	Alaska	Fagopyrum esculentum, Fagopyrum fagopyrum, Fagopyrum sagittatum, Fagopyrum vulgare, Polygonum fagopyrum
*Fallopia ×bohemica* (J. Chrtek & Chrtkov) J.P. Bailey	POBO10	Bohemian knotweed	87	Polygonaceae	2004	Alaska	Fallopia ×bohemica, Polygonum ×bohemicum
*Fallopia convolvulus* (L.) Á. Löve	FACO	black bindweed	50	Polygonaceae	1931	Alaska	Reynoutria convolvulus, Tiniaria convolvulus, Bilderdykia convolvulus, Fallopia convolvulus, Polygonum convolvulus, Polygonum convolvulus var. convolvulus
*Fallopia japonica* (Houtt.) Ronse Decr.	FAJA2	Japanese knotweed	87	Polygonaceae	1981	Alaska	Pleuropterus zuccarinii, Polygonum cuspidatum, Polygonum cuspidatum var. compactum, Fallopia japonica, Polygonum zuccarinii, Fallopia japonica var. japonica, Reynoutria japonica, Pleuropterus cuspidatus
*Fallopia sachalinensis* (F. Schmidt ex Maxim.) Ronse Decr.	FASA3	giant knotweed	87	Polygonaceae	2006	Alaska	Fallopia sachalinensis, Polygonum sachalinense, Reynoutria sachalinensis
*Festuca brevipila* Tracey	FEBR7	hard fescue		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Festuca trachyphylla, Festuca brevipila
*Festuca valesiaca* Schleich. ex Gaudin	FEVA2	Volga fescue		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Gaillardia aristata* Pursh	GAAR	common gaillardia		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Gaillardia pulchella* Foug.	GAPU	Indian blanket		Asteraceae	1995	Alaska	Gaillardia pulchella
*Galeopsis bifida* Boenn.	GABI3	splitlip hempnettle	50	Lamiaceae	1969	Alaska	Galeopsis tetrahit ssp. bifida, Galeopsis tetrahit var. bifida, Galeopsis bifida
*Galeopsis tetrahit* L.	GATE2	brittlestem hempnettle	50	Lamiaceae	1867	Alaska	Galeopsis tetrahit
*Geranium bicknellii* Britt.	GEBI2	Bicknell's cranesbill		Geraniaceae	1924	Alaska	Geranium carolinianum var. longipes, Geranium nemorale, Geranium nemorale var. bicknellii, Geranium bicknellii, Geranium bicknellii var. longipes
*Geranium carolinianum* L.	GECA5	Carolina cranesbill		Geraniaceae	1959	Alaska	Geranium carolinianum
*Geranium pusillum* L.	GEPU2	small geranium		Geraniaceae	1994	Alaska	Geranium pusillum
*Geranium robertianum* L.	GERO	Robert geranium	67	Geraniaceae	1941	Alaska	Geranium robertianum
*Geranium sanguineum* L.	GESA2	bloody geranium		Geraniaceae	1959	Alaska	Geranium sanguineum
*Gilia achilleifolia* Benth.	GIAC2	California gilia		Polemoniaceae	1941	Alaska	Gilia achilleifolia, Gilia achilleaefolia
*Gilia capitata* Sims	GICA5	bluehead gilia		Polemoniaceae	1941	Alaska	Gilia capitata
*Glebionis segetum* (L.) Fourr.	GLSE5	corndaisy		Asteraceae	1968	Alaska	Chrysanthemum segetum, Glebionis segetum
*Glechoma hederacea* L.	GLHE2	ground ivy	48	Lamiaceae	1941	Alaska	Glechoma hederacaea, Glechoma hederacea, Glechoma hederacea var. micrantha, Glechoma hederacea var. parviflora, Nepeta hederacea
*Glyceria maxima* (Hartm.) Holmb.	GLMA3	reed mannagrass		Poaceae	1941	Alaska	Glyceria maxima
*Gnaphalium palustre* Nutt.	GNPA	western marsh cudweed		Asteraceae	2005	Alaska	Gnaphalium palustre
*Gnaphalium uliginosum* L.	GNUL	marsh cudweed		Asteraceae	1941	Alaska	Filaginella uliginosa, Gnaphalium uliginosum
*Gypsophila elegans* M. Bieb.	GYEL	showy baby's-breath		Caryophyllaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Gypsophila elegans var. elegans
*Gypsophila paniculata* L.	GYPA	baby's breath	57	Caryophyllaceae	2004	Adjacent Canada only	Gypsophila paniculata, Gypsophila paniculata var. paniculata
*Hackelia micrantha* (Eastw.) J.L. Gentry	HAMI	Jessica sticktight		Boraginaceae	1968	Alaska	Hackelia jessicae
*Hedera helix* L.	HEHE	English ivy	73	Araliaceae	2006	Alaska	Hedera helix
*Helianthus annuus* L.	HEAN3	common sunflower		Asteraceae	1941	Alaska	Helianthus lenticularis, Helianthus annuus ssp. texanus, Helianthus annuus var. lenticularis, Helianthus annuus var. macrocarpus, Helianthus annuus, Helianthus annuus var. texanus, Helianthus annuus ssp. jaegeri, Helianthus aridus, Helianthus annuus ssp.
*Heracleum mantegazzianum* Sommier & Levier	HEMA17	giant hogweed	81	Apiaceae	2010	Alaska	Heracleum mantegazzianum
*Heracleum sphondylium* ssp.sibiricum (L.) Simonkai	HESPS	eltrot		Apiaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Heracleum sibiricum, Heracleum sibiricum var. angustifolium
*Hesperis matronalis* L.	HEMA3	dames rocket	41	Brassicaceae	1941	Alaska	Hesperis matronalis
*Hieracium ×flagellare* Willd. [caespitosum × pilosella]	HIFL2	hawkweed		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only	Hieracium flagellare
*Hieracium aurantiacum* L.	HIAU	orange hawkweed	79	Asteraceae	1969	Alaska
*Hieracium caespitosum* Dumort.	HICA10	meadow hawkweed	79	Asteraceae	2004	Alaska	Hieracium caespitosum
*Hieracium glomeratum* Froel.	HIGL3	queen-devil hawkweed		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Hieracium lachenalii* C.C. Gmel.	HILA8	common hawkweed	57	Asteraceae	2005	Alaska	Hieracium lachenalii
*Hieracium murorum* L.	HIMU	wall hawkweed		Asteraceae	2005	Alaska	Hieracium murorum
*Hieracium pilosella* L.	HIPI	mouseear hawkweed	63	Asteraceae	2004	Alaska	Hieracium pilosella
*Hieracium piloselloides* Vill.	HIPI2	tall hawkweed		Asteraceae	2006	Alaska	Hieracium piloselloides
*Hieracium sabaudum* L.	HISA4	New England hawkweed		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only	Hieracium vagum
*Hieracium umbellatum* L.	HIUM	narrowleaf hawkweed	51	Asteraceae	1996	Alaska	Hieracium scabriusculum var. scabrum, Hieracium columbianum, Hieracium umbellatum, Hieracium scabriusculum, Hieracium scabriusculum var. columbianum, Hieracium scabriusculum var. perhirsutum, Hieracium scabriusculum var. saximontanum
*Holcus lanatus* L.	HOLA	common velvetgrass	56	Poaceae	1906	Alaska	Holcus lanatus, Nothoholcus lanatus
*Holcus mollis* L.	HOMO	creeping velvet grass		Poaceae	2007	Alaska	Holcus mollis
*Hordeum comosum* J. Presl	HOCO4	barley		Poaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)	Critesion comosum, Hordeum andinum, Hordeum divergens, Hordeum comosum var. bifidum, Hordeum comosum var. comosum, Hordeum comosum var. flavescens, Hordeum comosum var. humilis, Hordeum comosum var. rigida, Hordeum jubatum var. comosum
*Hordeum jubatum* L.	HOJU	foxtail barley	63	Poaceae	1889	Alaska	Hordeum jubatum
*Hordeum murinum* L. ssp. *leporinum* (Link) Arcang.	HOMUL	leporinum barley	60	Poaceae	2004	Alaska	Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum
*Hordeum vulgare* L.	HOVU	common barley	39	Poaceae	1918	Alaska	Hordeum sativum, Hordeum aegiceras, Hordeum vulgare, Hordeum distichon, Hordeum vulgare ssp. hexastichon, Hordeum hexastichon, Hordeum vulgare var. trifurcatum, Hordeum hexastichum, Hordeum irregulare
*Hydrilla verticillata* (L. f.) Royle	HYVE3	waterthyme	80	Hydrocharitaceae		Alaska Watchlist
*Hypericum perforatum* L.	HYPE	St. Johnswort	52	Hypericaceae	1981	Alaska	Hypericum perforatum
*Hypochaeris radicata* L.	HYRA3	hairy cat's ear	44	Asteraceae	1919	Alaska	Hypochaeris radicata, Hypochoeris radicata
*Iberis amara* L.	IBAM	annual candytuft		Brassicaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)
*Iberis umbellata* L.	IBUM	globe candytuft		Brassicaceae	1946	Alaska	Iberis umbellata
*Ilex aquifolium* L.	ILAQ80	English holly	67	Aquifoliaceae	2006	Alaska	Ilex aquifolium
*Impatiens glandulifera* Royle	IMGL	ornamental jewelweed	82	Balsaminaceae	2004	Alaska	Impatiens glandulifera
*Iris pseudacorus* L.	IRPS	paleyellow iris	66	Iridaceae	2006	Alaska	Iris pseudacorus
*Kochia scoparia* (L.) Schrad.	KOSC	burningbush		Amaranthaceae	2013	Alaska	Bassia scoparia, Bassia sieversiana, Kochia scoparia
*Lactuca serriola* L.	LASE	prickly lettuce		Asteraceae	2005	Alaska	Lactuca serriola
*Lactuca tatarica* (L.) C.A. Mey.	LATA	blue lettuce		Asteraceae	1932	Alaska	Mulgedium oblongifolium
*Lamium album* L.	LAAL	white deadnettle	40	Lamiaceae	1950	Alaska	Lamium album
*Lamium amplexicaule* L.	LAAM	henbit deadnettle		Lamiaceae	2011	Alaska	Lamium amplexicaule var. album, Lamium amplexicaule
*Lamium maculatum* L.	LAMA	spotted henbit		Lamiaceae	1974	Alaska	Lamium maculatum
*Lappula squarrosa* (Retz.) Dumort.	LASQ	European stickseed	44	Boraginaceae	1944	Alaska	Lappula fremontii, Lappula lappula, Lappula myosotis, Lappula squarrosa, Lappula echinata, Lappula squarrosa var. erecta, Lappula erecta
*Lapsana communis* L.	LACO3	common nipplewort	33	Asteraceae	1919	Alaska	Lapsana communis
*Lathyrus pratensis* L.	LAPR	meadow pea		Fabaceae	1932	Alaska	Lathyrus pratensis
*Leontodon autumnalis* L.	LEAU2	fall dandelion	51	Asteraceae	1997	Alaska	Apargia autumnalis, Leontodon autumnalis ssp. autumnalis, Leontodon autumnalis ssp. pratensis, Leontodon autumnalis var. pratensis
*Leontodon hirtus* auct. non L.	LEHI4	bristly hawkbit		Asteraceae	2012	Alaska	Leontodon hispidus
*Leontodon hispidus* L.	LEHI	hairy hawkbit		Asteraceae	2005	Alaska	Leontodon hastilis, Leontodon hispidus, Leontodon hispidus ssp. danubialis
*Leontodon saxatilis* Lam.	LETA	lesser hawkbit		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Lepidium campestre* (L.) W.T. Aiton	LECA5	field pepperweed		Brassicaceae	2005	Alaska	Lepidium campestre
*Lepidium densiflorum* Schrad.	LEDE	common pepperweed	25	Brassicaceae	1919	Alaska	Lepidium densiflorum var. ramosum, Lepidium densiflorum var. bourgeauanum, Lepidium ramosum, Lepidium densiflorum var. typicum, Lepidium densiflorum var. densiflorum, Lepidium texanum, Lepidium elongatum, Lepidium densiflorum var. elongatum, Lepidium negl
*Lepidium heterophyllum* Benth.	LEHE2	purpleanther field pepperweed		Brassicaceae	2013	Alaska	Lepidium heterophyllum
*Lepidium latifolium* L.	LELA2	broadleaved pepperweed	71	Brassicaceae	2011	Alaska	Lepidium latifolium
*Lepidium perfoliatum* L.	LEPE2	clasping pepperweed		Brassicaceae	1969	Alaska
*Lepidium ramosissimum* A. Nelson	LERA2	manybranched pepperweed		Brassicaceae	1891	Alaska	Lepidium ramosissimum
*Lepidium ruderale* L.	LERU	roadside pepperweed		Brassicaceae	1995	Alaska	Lepidium texanum
*Lepidium sativum* L.	LESA2	gardencress pepperweed		Brassicaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Lepidium virginicum* L.	LEVI3	Virginia pepperweed		Brassicaceae	1941	Alaska	Lepidium virginicum
*Leucanthemum maximum* (Ramond) DC.	LEMA8	Shasta daisy		Asteraceae	2006	Alaska	Leucanthemum maximum
*Leucanthemum vulgare* Lam.	LEVU	oxeye daisy	61	Asteraceae	1936	Alaska	Leucanthemum vulgare var. pinnatifidum, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum var. boecheri, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum var. pinnatifidum, Leucanthemum leucanthemum, Leucanthemum vulgare
*Leymus angustus* (Trin.) Pilg.	LEAN3	Altai wildrye		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Aneurolepidium angustatum, Elymus angustatus, Triticum angustatum
*Limnanthes douglasii* R. Br. ssp. douglasii	LIDOD	Douglas' meadowfoam		Limnanthaceae	2010	Alaska	Limnanthes howelliana
*Linaria dalmatica* (L.) Mill.	LIDA	Dalmatian toadflax	58	Plantaginaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Linaria maroccana* Hook. f.	LIMA3	Moroccan toadflax		Plantaginaceae	2011	Alaska	Linaria maroccana
*Linaria pinifolia* (Poir.) Thell.	LIPU3	pineneedle toadflax		Plantaginaceae	2007	Alaska	Linaria pinifolia
*Linaria purpurea* (L.) Mill.	LIPU3	purple toadlfax		Plantaginaceae	2020	Alaska
*Linaria vulgaris* Mill.	LIVU2	butter and eggs	69	Plantaginaceae	1941	Alaska	Linaria linaria, Linaria vulgaris
*Lolium multiflorum* Lam.	LOMU	Italian ryegrass	41	Poaceae	1935	Alaska	Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum, Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne var. multiflorum, Lolium multiflorum ssp. italicum, Lolium multiflorum var. diminutum, Lolium multiflorum var. muticum, Lolium perenne ssp. italicum
*Lolium perenne* L.	LOPE	perennial ryegrass	52	Poaceae	1902	Alaska	Lolium perenne var. aristatum, Lolium perenne var. cristatum, Lolium multiflorum var. ramosum, Lolium perenne, Lolium perenne ssp. perenne
*Lolium temulentum* L. ssp. temulentum	LOTET	Darnel ryegrass		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Lonicera tatarica* L.	LOTA	Tatarian honeysuckle	66	Caprifoliaceae	2010	Alaska	Lonicera sibirica, Lonicera tatarica, Lonicera tatarica var. latifolia
*Lotus corniculatus* L.	LOCO6	bird's-foot trefoil	65	Fabaceae	2005	Alaska	Lotus corniculatus
*Lotus uliginosus* Schkuhr	LOUL	greater bird's-foot trefoil		Fabaceae	2022	Alaska	Lotus pedunculatus, Lotus decumbens, Lotus pedunculatus var. villosus
*Lupinus polyphyllus* Lindl. ssp. polyphyllus	LUPOP2	bigleaf lupine	71	Fabaceae	1931	Alaska	Lupinus stationis, Lupinus polyphyllus ssp. polyphyllus, Lupinus polyphyllus ssp. polyphyllus var. polyphyllus, Lupinus polyphyllus var. albiflorus, Lupinus polyphyllus var. polyphyllus, Lupinus pseudopolyphyllus, Lupinus matanuskensis
*Lysimachia nummularia* L.	LYNU	creeping jenny		Primulaceae	2006	Alaska	Lysimachia nummularia
*Lythrum salicaria* L.	LYSA2	purple loosestrife	84	Lythraceae	2006	Alaska	Lythrum salicaria
*Lythrum virgatum* L.	LYVI3	European wand loosestrife	84	Lythraceae		Alaska Watchlist
*Madia glomerata* Hook.	MAGL2	mountain tarweed		Asteraceae	1914	Alaska	Madia glomerata
*Malva neglecta* Wallr.	MANE	common mallow		Malvaceae	1974	Alaska	Malva neglecta
*Malva pusilla* Sm.	MAPU5	low mallow		Malvaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Malva rotundifolia
*Marrubium vulgare* L.	MAVU	horehound		Lamiaceae	1941	Alaska	Marrubium vulgare
*Matricaria discoidea* DC.	MADI6	pineapple weed	32	Asteraceae	1881	Alaska	Lepidotheca suaveolens, Matricaria discoidea, Matricaria matricarioides, Artemisia matricarioides, Matricaria suaveolens, Chamomilla suaveolens, Santolina suaveolens, Lepidanthus suaveolens, Tanacetum suaveolens
*Medicago lupulina* L.	MELU	black medick	48	Fabaceae	1930	Alaska	Medicago lupulina, Medicago lupulina var. cupaniana, Medicago lupulina var. glandulosa
*Medicago minima* (L.) L.	MEMI	burr medic		Fabaceae	2004	Alaska	Medicago minima
*Medicago polymorpha* L.	MEPO3	burclover		Fabaceae	1918	Alaska	Medicago denticulata, Medicago hispida, Medicago polycarpa, Medicago hispida var. apiculata, Medicago hispida var. confinis, Medicago polymorpha var. brevispina, Medicago polymorpha var. ciliaris, Medicago polymorpha var. polygyra, Medicago polymorpha var. tricycla, Medicago polymorpha var. vulgaris, Medicago apiculata
*Medicago sativa* L. ssp. falcata (L.) Arcang.	MESAS	yellow alfalfa	64	Fabaceae	1915	Alaska	Medicago ×varia, Medicago media, Medicago sativa ssp. sativa, Medicago sativa ssp. varia
*Medicago sativa* L. ssp. sativa	MESAF	alfalfa	59	Fabaceae	1909	Alaska	Medicago falcata, Medicago falcata var. romanica, Medicago sativa ssp. falcata
*Melilotus albus* Medik.	MEAL2	white sweetclover	81	Fabaceae	1913	Alaska	Melilotus albus, Melilotus albus var. annuus, Melilotus leucanthus, Melilotus lutea, Melilotus alba
*Melilotus officinalis* (L.) Lam.	MEOF	yellow sweetclover	69	Fabaceae	1913	Alaska	Melilotus officinalis var. micranthus, Melilotus arvensis, Melilotus officinalis
*Mentha ×piperita* L. [aquatica × spicata]	MEPI	peppermint	43	Lamiaceae	1918	Alaska	Mentha crispa, Mentha dumetorum, Mentha piperita, Mentha aquatica var. crispa
*Mentha spicata* L.	MESP3	spearmint	43	Lamiaceae	1918	Alaska	Mentha viridis, Mentha longifolia var. undulata, Mentha spicata, Mentha spicata var. longifolia, Mentha cordifolia, Mentha spicata var. spicata, Mentha longifolia, Mentha sylvestris, Mentha longifolia var. mollissima
*Microsteris gracilis* (Hook.) Greene	MIGR	slender phlox		Polemoniaceae	1909	Alaska	Microsteris gracilis
*Misopates orontium* (L.) Raf.	MIOR	linearleaf snapdragon		Plantaginaceae	1968	Alaska	Antirrhinum orontium, Antirrhinum orontium var. grandiflorum, Misopates orontium
*Mycelis muralis* (L.) Dumort.	MYMU	wall-lettuce	31	Asteraceae	2004	Alaska	Lactuca muralis, Mycelis muralis
*Myosotis scorpioides* L.	MYSC	true forget-me-not	54	Boraginaceae	1918	Alaska	Myosotis palustris, Myosotis scorpioides
*Myosotis sylvatica* Ehrh. ex Hoffmann.	MYSY	woodland forget-me-not		Boraginaceae	1962	Alaska	Myosotis sylvatica
*Myriophyllum spicatum* L.	MYSP2	Eurasian watermilfoil	90	Halagoraceae		Alaska Watchlist
*Myrrhis odorata* (L.) Scop.	MYOD	anise		Apiaceae	2007	Alaska	Myrrhis odorata
*Nasturtium officinale* W.T. Aiton	NAOF	watercress		Brassicaceae	1946	Alaska	Nasturtium officinale, Nasturtium officinale var. siifolium, Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum, Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum, Nasturtium nasturtium-aquaticum
*Nemophila menziesii* Hook. & Arn.	NEME	baby blue eyes		Hydrophyllaceae	2011	Alaska	Nemophila menziesii
*Nepeta cataria* L.	NECA2	catnip		Lamiaceae	1918	Alaska	Nepeta cataria
*Neslia paniculata* (L.) Desv.	NEPA3	ballmustard		Brassicaceae	1931	Alaska	Neslia paniculata, Myagrum paniculatum
*Nymphaea odorata* ssp. odorata Aiton	NYODO	American white waterlily	80	Nymphaeaceae	1997	Alaska	Nymphaea odorata var. gigantea, Castalia minor, Nymphaea reniformis, Nymphaea odorata var. godfreyi, Castalia odorata, Nymphaea odorata var. minor, Castalia reniformis, Nymphaea odorata var. rosea, Nymphaea minor, Nymphaea odorata var. stenopetala, Nympha
*Onobrychis viciifolia* Scop.	ONVI	sainfoin		Fabaceae	2000	Alaska	Onobrychis sativa, Onobrychis viciaefolia, Onobrychis viciifolia, Hedysarum onobrychis
*Onopordum acanthium* L.	ONAC	Scotch cottonthistle		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Panicum miliaceum* L.	PAMI2	proso millet		Poaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)	Leptoloma miliacea, Milium esculentum, Milium paniceum
*Papaver croceum* Ledeb.	PACR80	Iceland poppy	39	Papaveraceae	1974	Alaska	Papaver croceum, Papaver nudicaule ssp. nudicaule
*Papaver rhoeas* L.	PARH2	corn poppy		Papaveraceae	1913	Alaska	Papaver rhoeas
*Pascopyrum smithii* (Rydb.) Á. Löve	PASM	western wheatgrass		Poaceae	1968	Alaska	Elymus smithii, Elytrigia smithii, Agropyron molle, Elytrigia smithii var. mollis, Agropyron smithii, Pascopyrum smithii, Agropyron smithii var. molle, Agropyron smithii var. palmeri
*Pastinaca sativa* L.	PASA2	wild parsnip		Apiaceae	1941	Adjacent Canada only	Pastinaca sativa, Pastinaca sativa var. pratensis
*Persicaria lapathifolia* (L.) Gray	PELA22	pale smartweed	47	Polygonaceae	1952	Alaska	Persicaria incarnata, Polygonum pensylvanicum ssp. oneillii, Polygonum lapathifolium var. prostratum, Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. pallidum, Persicaria lapathifolia, Polygonum scabrum, Polygonum lapathifolium var. salicifolium, Polygonum lapathifolium ssp
*Persicaria maculosa* Gray	PEMA24	spotted ladysthumb	47	Polygonaceae	1940	Alaska	Polygonum persicaria var. ruderale, Polygonum fusiforme, Persicaria puritanorum, Polygonum puritanorum, Polygonum minus, Persicaria ruderalis, Polygonum minus var. subcontinuum, Persicaria ruderalis var. vulgaris, Persicaria maculata, Polygonum persicaria
*Persicaria wallichii* Greuter & Burdet	PEWA18	Himalayan knotweed	80	Polygonaceae	2006	Alaska	Polygonum polystachyum, Persicaria wallichii, Polygonum polystachum
*Phacelia campanularia* A. Gray	PHCA3	desertbells		Hydrophyllaceae	2016	Alaska
*Phalaris arundinacea* L. (cultivar)	PHAR3	reed canarygrass	83	Poaceae	1905	Alaska	Phalaroides arundincea, Arundo colorata, Arundo riparia, Baldingera arundinacea, Baldingera colorata, Calamagrostis colorata, Calamagrostis variegata, Digraphis americana, Digraphis arundinacea, Endallex arundinacea, Phalaridantha arundinacea, Typhoides arundinacea, Phalaris arundinacea ssp. typica, Phalaris arundincea var. colorata, Phalaris arundinacea var. genuina
*Phalaris canariensis* L.	PHCA5	annual canarygrass		Poaceae	1909	Alaska	Phalaris canariensis
*Phalaris minor* Retz.	PHMI3	littleseed canarygrass		Poaceae	1968	Alaska	Phalaris minor
*Phedimus spurius* (M. Bieb.) 't Hart	PHSP9	Caucasian stonecrop		Crassulaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Sedum spurium, Spathulata spuria, Sedum spurium var. coccineum
*Phleum pratense* L.	PHPR3	timothy	54	Poaceae	1918	Alaska	Phleum nodosum, Phleum pratense, Phleum pratense ssp. nodosum, Phleum pratense var. nodosum
*Phragmites australis* (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.	PHAU7	common reed	83	Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Phragmites communis, Phragmites phragmites, Arundo altissima, Arundo australis, Arundo graeca, Arundo isiaca, Arundo maxima, Arundo occidentalis, Arundo palustris, Arundo phragmites, Arundo vulgaris, Cynodon phragmites, Oxyanthe phragmites, Phragmites altissimus, Phragmites capensis, Phragmites caudatus, Phragmites chilensis, Phragmites dioicus, Phragmites fissifolius, Phragmites hispanicus, Phragmites isiacus, Phragmites martinicensis, Phragmites mauritianus, Phragmites maximus, Phragmites occidentalis, Phragmites phragmites, Phragmites vulgaris, Reimaria diffusa, Trichoon phragmites, Phragmites australis ssp. australis, Phragmites communis ssp. maximus, Phragmites vulgaris ssp. maximus, Phragmites communis var. flavescens, Phragmites communis var. genuinus, Phragmites communuis var. hispanicus, Phragmites communis var. isiacus, Phragmites communis var. mauritianus, Phragmites communis var. variegatus, Phragmites maximus var. variegatus, Phragmites vulgaris var. mauritianus
*Plagiobothrys figuratus* (Piper) I.M. Johnst. ex M. Peck ssp. figuratus	PLFIF	fragrant popcornflower		Boraginaceae	1944	Alaska	Plagiobothrys hirtus var. figuratus, Allocarya figurata, Plagiobothrys figuratus ssp. figuratus, Plagiobothrys hirtus
*Plantago lanceolata* L.	PLLA	narrowleaf plantain		Plantaginaceae	1919	Alaska	Plantago altissima, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago lanceolata var. sphaerostachya
*Plantago major* L.	PLMA2	common plantain	44	Plantaginaceae	1904	Alaska	Plantago major var. pilgeri, Plantago major ssp. intermedia, Plantago major var. scopulorum, Plantago major var. asiatica, Plantago asiatica, Plantago major var. intermedia, Plantago halophila, Plantago major var. major, Plantago intermedia, Plantago majo
*Poa annua* L.	POAN	annual bluegrass	46	Poaceae	1891	Alaska	Poa annua, Poa annua var. aquatica, Poa annua var. reptans
*Poa compressa* L.	POCO	Canada bluegrass	39	Poaceae	1941	Alaska	Poa compressa
*Poa pratensis* L. ssp. irrigata (Lindm.) H. Lindb.	POPR	spreading bluegrass	52	Poaceae	1975	Alaska	Poa pratensis ssp. rigens, Poa pratensis ssp. subcaerulea, Poa pratensis var. rigens, Poa subcaerulea, Poa pratensis ssp. irrigata
*Poa pratensis* L. ssp. pratensis	POPR	Kentucky bluegrass	52	Poaceae	1902	Alaska	Poa pratensis var. domestica, Poa angustifolia, Poa pratensis var. gelida, Poa pratensis ssp. agassizensis, Poa pratensis var. iantha, Poa pratensis ssp. angustifolia, Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis, Poa pratensis var. angustifolia, Poa agassizensis
*Poa trivialis* L.	POTR2	rough bluegrass	52	Poaceae	1918	Alaska	Poa trivialis, Poa attica
*Polygonum achoreum* S.F. Blake	POAC3	leathery knotweed		Polygonaceae	1956	Alaska	Polygonum achoreum, Polygonum erectum ssp. achoreum
*Polygonum aviculare* L.	POAV	prostrate knotweed	45	Polygonaceae	1918	Alaska	Polygonum buxiforme, Polygonum aviculare ssp. aviculare, Polygonum heterophyllum, Polygonum aviculare ssp. buxiforme, Polygonum littorale, Polygonum aviculare ssp. depressum, Polygonum monspeliense, Polygonum aviculare var. littorale, Polygonum aviculare
*Polygonum hydropiper* L.	POHY	marshpepper knotweed		Polygonaceae	1913	Alaska	Persicaria hydropiper
*Polygonum hydropiperoides* Michx.	POHY2	swamp smartweed		Polygonaceae	1940	Alaska	Persicaria hydropiperoides
*Polygonum ramosissimum* Michx.	PORA3	bushy knotweed		Polygonaceae	1968	Alaska	Polygonum ramosissimum
*Polypogon monspeliensis* (L.) Desf.	POMO5	annual rabbitsfoot grass		Poaceae	1919	Alaska	Alopecurus monspeliensis, Polypogon monspeliensis
*Potentilla biennis* Greene	POBI7	biennial cinquefoil		Rosaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Potentilla brunnescens* Rydb.	POBR16	slender cinquefoil		Rosaceae	1951	Alaska	Potentilla gracilis var. brunnescens, Potentilla brunnescens
*Potentilla recta* L.	PORE5	sulphur cinquefoil	57	Rosaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Potentilla recta var. obscura, Potentilla recta var. pilosa, Potentilla recta var. sulphurea, Potentilla sulphurea
*Prunus avium* (L.) L.	PRAV	sweet cherry		Rosaceae	2005	Alaska	Prunus avium, Cerasus avium
*Prunus maackii* Rupr.	PRMA9	Amur chokecherry	45	Rosaceae	2012	Alaska	Prunus maackii
*Prunus mahaleb* L.	PRMA	Mahaleb cherry		Rosaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Cerasus mahaleb
*Prunus padus* L.	PRPA5	European bird cherry	74	Rosaceae	1980	Alaska	Prunus padus
*Prunus virginiana* L.	PRVI	chokecherry	74	Rosaceae	2009	Alaska	Prunus melanocarpa, Prunus virginiana, Prunus virginiana ssp. melanocarpa, Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa, Padus melanocarpa, Padus virginiana ssp. melanocarpa
*Psathyrostachys juncea* (Fisch.) Nevski	PSJU3	Russian wildrye		Poaceae	1941	Alaska	Elymus junceus, Psathyrostachys juncea, ×Leymostachys korovinii
*Psilocarphus elatior* (A. Gray) A. Gray	PSEL	meadow woolyheads		Asteraceae	2012	Alaska	Psilocarphus elatior
*Puccinellia distans* (Jacq.) Parl.	PUDI	weeping alkaligrass		Poaceae	1992	Alaska	Puccinellia distans
*Ranunculus acris* L.	RAAC3	tall buttercup	60	Ranunculaceae	1945	Alaska	Ranunculus acris
*Ranunculus repens* L.	RARE3	creeping buttercup	72	Ranunculaceae	1881	Alaska	Ranunculus repens var. villosus, Ranunculus repens var. erectus, Ranunculus repens var. glabratus, Ranunculus repens var. linearilobus, Ranunculus repens var. pleniflorus, Ranunculus repens, Ranunculus repens var. typicus, Ranunculus repens var. degenerat
*Raphanus sativus* L.	RASA2	cultivated radish		Brassicaceae	1936	Alaska	Raphanus raphanistrum var. sativus, Raphanus sativus
*Rheum rhabarbarum* L.	RHRH2	garden rhubarb		Polygonaceae	2003	Alaska	Rheum rhabarbarum, Rheum rhaponticum
*Ribes uva-crispa* L.	RIUV80	European gooseberry		Grossulariaceae	2010	Alaska	Ribes grossularia, Ribes uva-crispa
*Rorippa sylvestris* (L.) Besser	ROSY	creeping yellowcress		Brassicaceae	1994	Alaska	Rorippa sylvestris, Radicula sylvestris
*Rosa rugosa* Thunb.	RORU	rugosa rose	72	Rosaceae	1921	Alaska	Rosa rugosa f. alba, Rosa rugosa var. albiflora, Rosa rugosa
*Rubus discolor* Weihe & Nees	RUDI2	Himalayan blackberry	77	Rosaceae	2006	Alaska	Rubus armeniacus, Rubus discolor
*Rudbeckia hirta* L.	RUHI2	blackeyed Susan		Asteraceae	1995	Alaska
*Rumex acetosa* L.	RUAC2	garden sorrel		Polygonaceae	2007	Alaska	Rumex acetosa
*Rumex acetosella* L.	RUAC3	common sheep sorrel	51	Polygonaceae	1979	Alaska	Acetosella tenuifolia, Rumex acetosella var. tenuifolius, Acetosella vulgaris, Rumex angiocarpus, Rumex acetosella, Rumex tenuifolius, Rumex acetosella ssp. acetosella, Rumex acetosella ssp. angiocarpus, Acetosella acetosella, Rumex acetosella var. pyrena
*Rumex crispus* L.	RUCR	curly dock	48	Polygonaceae	1909	Alaska	Rumex crispus, Rumex crispus ssp. crispus
*Rumex longifolius* DC.	RULO2	dooryard dock	48	Polygonaceae	1937	Alaska	Rumex domesticus, Rumex longifolius
*Rumex maritimus* L.	RUMA4	golden dock		Polygonaceae	1941	Alaska
*Rumex obtusifolius* L.	RUOB	bitter dock	48	Polygonaceae	1913	Alaska	Acetosa oblongifolia, Rumex obtusifolius, Rumex obtusifolius ssp. agrestis, Rumex obtusifolius ssp. sylvestris, Rumex obtusifolius var. sylvestris
*Rumex pseudonatronatus* Borbás	RUPS	field dock		Polygonaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Rumex fennicus
*Sagina procumbens* L.	SAPR	birdeye pearlwort	39	Caryophyllaceae	2005	Alaska	Sagina procumbens, Sagina procumbens var. compacta
*Salix ×pendulina* Wender. [babylonica × euxina]	SAPE12	Wisconsin weeping willow		Salicaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)	Salix pendulina, Salix elegantissima, Salix pendulina var. blanda, Salix pendulina var. elegantissima, Salix blanda
*Salix pentandra* L.	SAPE4	laurel willow		Salicaceae	2000	Alaska	Salix pentandra
*Saponaria officinalis* L.	SAOF4	bouncingbet	34	Caryophyllaceae	2010	Alaska	Saponaria officinalis
*Schedonorus arundinaceus* (Schreb.) Dumort.	SCAR7	tall fescue	63	Poaceae	1941	Alaska	Festuca fenas, Festuca uechtritziana, Lolium arundinaceum, Festuca arundinacea, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Festuca elatior ssp. arundinacea, Schedonorus phoenix, Festuca elatior var. arundinacea
*Schedonorus pratensis* (Huds.) P. Beauv.	SCPR4	meadow fescue		Poaceae	1936	Alaska	Festuca elatior, Festuca pratensis, Lolium pratense, Schedonorus pratensis
*Scilla siberica* Andrews	SCSI2	Siberian squill		Liliaceae	2020	Alaska
*Secale cereale* L.	SECE	cereal rye		Poaceae	1941	Adjacent Canada only	Secale strictum, Triticum cereale, Secale cereale, Secale montanum
*Securigera varia* (L.) Lassen	SEVA4	crown vetch	68	Fabaceae	2006	Alaska	Coronilla varia, Securigera varia
*Senecio eremophilus* Richardson	SEER2	desert ragwort		Asteraceae	1968	Alaska	Senecio eremophilus var. eremophilus, Senecio glaucifolius, Senecio eremophilus
*Senecio integerrimus* Nutt. var. exaltatus (Nutt.) Cronquist	SEINE	Columbia ragwort		Asteraceae	2006	Alaska	Senecio integerrimus var. exaltatus
*Senecio jacobaea* L.	SEJA	tansy ragwort	63	Asteraceae	1999	Alaska	Senecio jacobaea
*Senecio serra* Hook.	SESE2	tall ragwort		Asteraceae	2014	Alaska	Senecio serra
*Senecio sylvaticus* L.	SESY	woodland ragwort	41	Asteraceae	2006	Alaska	Senecio sylvaticus
*Senecio viscosus* L.	SEVI2	sticky ragwort		Asteraceae	2007	Alaska	Senecio viscosus
*Senecio vulgaris* L.	SEVU	old-man-in-the-Spring	36	Asteraceae	1916	Alaska	Senecio vulgaris
*Setaria viridis* (L.) P. Beauv.	SEVI4	green bristlegrass		Poaceae	1997	Alaska	Setaria viridis
*Silene armeria* L.	SIAR	sweet William silene		Caryophyllaceae	2008	Alaska	Silene armeria
*Silene chalcedonica* (L.) E. H. L. Krause	LYCH3	maltesecross	42	Caryophyllaceae	1994	Alaska	Lychnis chalcedonica
*Silene csereii* Baumg.	SICS	Balkan catchfly		Caryophyllaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Silene cserei
*Silene dioica* (L.) Clairville	SIDI4	red catchfly	42	Caryophyllaceae	2007	Alaska	Silene dioica
*Silene latifolia* Poir.	SILA21	bladder campion	42	Caryophyllaceae	1937	Alaska	Silene alba, Silene latifolia, Lychnis ×loveae, Silene latifolia ssp. alba, Lychnis alba, Silene pratensis, Lychnis vespertina, Melandrium album
*Silene noctiflora* L.	SINO	nightflowering silene	42	Caryophyllaceae	1938	Alaska	Silene noctiflora, Melandrium noctiflorum
*Silene vulgaris* (Moench) Garcke	SIVU	bladder campion	42	Caryophyllaceae	2010	Alaska	Oberna commutata, Silene cucubalus, Silene inflata, Silene vulgaris
*Silybum marianum* (L.) Gaertn.	SIMA3	blessed milkthistle		Asteraceae	2007	Alaska	Carduus marianus, Mariana mariana, Silybum marianum
*Sinapis alba* L.	SIAL5	white mustard		Brassicaceae	2004	Alaska	Sinapis alba
*Sinapis arvensis* L.	SIAR4	charlock mustard		Brassicaceae	1909	Alaska	Sinapis arvensis ssp. arvensis, Brassica arvensis, Sinapis arvensis var. orientalis, Brassica kaber, Sinapis arvensis var. schkuhriana, Brassica kaber var. pinnatifida, Brassica kaber var. schkuhriana, Sinapis arvensis
*Sisymbrium altissimum* L.	SIAL2	tall tumblemustard		Brassicaceae	1918	Alaska	Norta altissima, Sisymbrium altissimum
*Sisymbrium loeselii* L.	SILO3	small tumbleweed mustard		Brassicaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Sisymbrium officinale* (L.) Scop.	SIOF	hedgemustard		Brassicaceae	1918	Alaska	Sisymbrium officinale, Sisymbrium officinale var. leiocarpum, Erysimum officinale
*Solanum nigrum* L.	SONI	black nightshade		Solanaceae	1918	Alaska	Solanum rubrum, Solanum nigrum
*Solanum physalifolium* Rusby	SOPH	hoe nightshade		Solanaceae	1917	Alaska	Solanum physalifolium, Solanum physalifolium var. nitidibaccatum, Solanum sarachoides, Solanum sarrachoides, Solanum villosum
*Solanum rostratum* Dunal.	SORO	buffalobur nightshade		Solanaceae	1997	Alaska
*Sonchus arvensis* L.	SOAR2	field sowthistle	73	Asteraceae	1918	Alaska	Sonchus arvensis
*Sonchus arvensis* L. ssp. arvensis	SOARA2	field sowthistle	73	Asteraceae	2006	Alaska	Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis
*Sonchus arvensis* L. ssp. uliginosus (M. Bieb.) Nyman	SOARU	moist sowthistle	73	Asteraceae	1993	Alaska	Sonchus uliginosus, Sonchus arvensis var. glabrescens
*Sonchus asper* (L.) Hill	SOAS	spiny sowthistle	46	Asteraceae	1918	Alaska	Sonchus nymanii, Sonchus asper, Sonchus asper ssp. asper, Sonchus asper ssp. glaucescens
*Sonchus oleraceus* L.	SOOL	common sowthistle	46	Asteraceae	1941	Alaska	Sonchus oleraceus
*Sorbaria sorbifolia* (L.) A. Braun	SOSO2	false spiraea		Rosaceae	2005	Alaska	Spiraea sorbifolia, Schizonotus sorbifolius, Sorbaria sorbifolia, Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila
*Sorbus aucuparia* L.	SOAU	European mountain ash	59	Rosaceae	1939	Alaska	Pyrus aucuparia, Sorbus aucuparia, Sorbus aucuparia var. xanthocarpa
*Spartina alterniflora* Loisel.	SPAL	smooth cordgrass	86	Poaceae		Alaska Watchlist	Spartina alterniflora var. glabra, Spartina alterniflora var. pilosa, Dactylis fasciculata, Dactylis maritima, Limnetis glabra, Spartina brasiliensis, Spartina glabra, Spartina laevigata, Spartina merrillii, Trachynotia alterniflora, Spartina glabra var. alterniflora, Spartina glabra var. pilosa, Spartina maritima var. alterniflora, Spartina maritima var. brasiliensis, Spartina maritima var. glabra, Spartina stricta var. alterniflora, Spartina stricta var. glabra, Spartina stricta var. maritima
*Spartina anglica* C.E. Hubbard	SPAN5	common cordgrass	86	Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Spartina townsendii var. anglica
*Spartina densiflora* Brongn.	SPDE2	denseflower cordgrass	86	Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Chauvinia chilensis, Spartina montevidensis, Spartina patagonica, Spartina juncea var. laxiflora, Spartina juncea var. montevidense
*Spartina patens* (Aiton) Muhl.	SPPA	saltmeadow cordgrass	86	Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Spartina patens var. juncea, Spartina patens var. monogyna, Dactylis patens, Spartina juncea, Spartina platensis, Spartina pumila, Trachynotia juncea, Spartina juncea var. patens
*Spergula arvensis* L.	SPAR	corn spurry	32	Caryophyllaceae	1867	Alaska	Spergula arvensis var. sativa, Spergula sativa, Spergula arvensis, Spergula arvensis ssp. arvensis, Spergula arvensis ssp. sativa
*Spergularia rubra* (L.) J.& K. Presl	SPRU	red sandspurry	34	Caryophyllaceae	1940	Alaska	Tissa rubra, Spergularia rubra, Spergularia rubra var. perennans
*Stellaria media* (L.) Vill.	STME2	common chickweed	42	Caryophyllaceae	1816	Alaska	Alsine media, Stellaria apetala, Stellaria media, Stellaria media ssp. media, Stellaria media var. procera
*Symphytum asperum* Lepechin	SYAS	prickly comfrey		Boraginaceae	1994	Alaska	Symphytum asperum, Symphytum asperrimum
*Symphytum officinale* L.	SYOF	common comfrey	48	Boraginaceae	2004	Alaska	Symphytum officinale
*Syringa vulgaris* L.	SYVU	common lilac		Oleaceae	2022	Alaska
*Tanacetum vulgare* L.	TAVU	common tansy	60	Asteraceae	1941	Alaska	Tanacetum boreale, Tanacetum vulgare, Tanacetum vulgare var. crispum, Chrysanthemum vulgare
*Taraxacum erythrospermum* Andrz. ex Besser	TAER3	rock dandelion		Asteraceae	1941	Alaska	Taraxacum lacistophyllum, Taraxacum laevigatum, Taraxacum scanicum, Leontodon erythrospermum, Taraxacum disseminatum, Taraxacum erythrospermum
*Taraxacum officinale* F.H. Wigg.	TAOF	common dandelion	58	Asteraceae	1916	Alaska	Taraxacum firmum, Taraxacum cyclocentrum, Taraxacum rhodolepis, Leontodon taraxacum, Taraxacum officinale ssp. vulgare, Taraxacum islandiciforme, Taraxacum dahlstedtii, Taraxacum undulatum, Taraxacum atroglaucum, Taraxacum officinale var. palustre, Taraxa
*Thalictrum aquilegifolium* L.	THAQ	columbine meadow-rue		Ranunculaceae	2022	Alaska
*Thinopyrum intermedium* (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey	THIN6	intermediate wheatgrass		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Agropyron intermedium, Elytrigia intermedia, Elytrigia hispidus, Elytrigia intermedia ssp. intermedia, Elymus hispidus var. ruthenicus, Agropyron glaucum, Agropyron hispidum, Braconotia glauca, Trichopyrum intermedium, Triticum glaucum, Triticum intermedium, Zeia glauca, Agropyron glaucum var. intermedium, Agropyron repens var. glaucum
*Thinopyrum ponticum* (Podp.) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey	THPO7	tall wheatgrass		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Elytrigia pontica, Agropyron varnense, Elymus varnensis, Thinopyrum ponticum, Elymus elongatus var. ponticus, Lophopyrum ponticum, Thinopyrum ponticum, Triticum ponticum, Elymus elongatus ssp. ponticus, Elytrigia elongata ssp. pontica, Elytrigia pontica ssp. pontica
*Thlaspi arvense* L.	THAR5	field pennycress	42	Brassicaceae	1919	Alaska	Thlaspi arvense
*Tragopogon dubius* Scop.	TRDU	yellow salsify	50	Asteraceae	2003	Alaska	Tragopogon dubius, Tragopogon dubius ssp. major, Tragopogon major
*Tragopogon pratensis* L.	TRPR	Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon		Asteraceae	2009	Adjacent Canada only	Tragopogon lamottei, Tragopogon orientalis, Tragopogon pratensis ssp. orientalis
*Trifolium aureum* Pollich	TRAU2	golden clover		Fabaceae	2005	Alaska	Trifolium agrarium, Trifolium aureum
*Trifolium dubium* Sibth.	TRDU2	suckling clover	50	Fabaceae	1941	Alaska	Trifolium dubium
*Trifolium hybridum* L.	TRHY	alsike clover	57	Fabaceae	1901	Alaska	Trifolium hybridum ssp. elegans, Trifolium hybridum var. elegans, Trifolium hybridum var. pratense, Trifolium elegans, Trifolium hybridum
*Trifolium lupinaster* L.	TRLU	lupine clover		Fabaceae	1932	Alaska	Trifolium lupinaster
*Trifolium microcephalum* Pursh	TRMI4	smallhead clover		Fabaceae	1909	Alaska	Trifolium microcephalum
*Trifolium pratense* L.	TRPR2	red clover	53	Fabaceae	1902	Alaska	Trifolium pratense var. frigidum, Trifolium pratense var. sativum, Trifolium pratense
*Trifolium repens* L.	TRRE3	white clover	59	Fabaceae	1902	Alaska	Trifolium repens, Trifolium repens var. atropurpureum
*Trifolium variegatum* Nutt.	TRVA	whitetip clover		Fabaceae	1947	Alaska	Trifolium variegatum var. geminiflorum, Trifolium geminiflorum, Trifolium variegatum var. major, Trifolium melananthum, Trifolium variegatum var. melananthum, Trifolium polyodon, Trifolium variegatum var. rostratum, Trifolium trilobatum, Trifolium variega
*Tripleurospermum inodorum* (L.) Sch. Bip.	TRIN11	scentless false mayweed	48	Asteraceae	1934	Alaska	Tripleurospermum perforatum, Matricaria inodora, Matricaria maritima ssp. inodora, Matricaria maritima var. agrestis, Matricaria perforata, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Chamomilla inodora
*Triticum aestivum* L.	TRAE	common wheat		Poaceae	1918	Alaska	Triticum sativum, Triticum sphaerococcum, Triticum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Triticum hybernum, Triticum macha
*Trollius europaeus* L.	TREU3	European globeflower		Ranunculaceae	2010	Alaska
*Turritis glabra* L.	TUGL	tower rockcress		Brassicaceae	1951	Alaska	Arabis glabra, Arabis glabra var. furcatipilis, Arabis glabra var. glabra, Turritis glabra
*Urtica urens* L.	URUR	dwarf nettle		Urticaceae	1941	Adjacent Canada only	Urtica urens
*Vaccaria hispanica* (Mill.) Rauschert	VAHI2	cow soapwort		Caryophyllaceae	1909	Alaska	Vaccaria segetalis, Vaccaria vaccaria, Vaccaria vulgaris, Saponaria vaccaria, Vaccaria hispanica, Vaccaria pyramidata
*Valeriana officinalis* L.	VAOF	garden valerian		Valerianaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Verbascum thapsus* L.	VETH	common mullein	52	Scrophulariaceae	2007	Alaska	Verbascum thapsus
*Veronica anagallis-aquatica* L.	VEAN2	water speedwell		Plantaginaceae	1968	Alaska	Veronica glandifera, Veronica comosa var. glandulosa, Veronica anagallis-aquatica, Veronica micromeria, Veronica connata, Veronica catenata, Veronica salina, Veronica connata ssp. glaberrima, Veronica catenata var. glandulosa, Veronica connata var. glaber
*Veronica arvensis* L.	VEAR	corn speedwell		Plantaginaceae	1918	Alaska	Veronica arvensis
*Veronica chamaedrys* L.	VECH	germander speedwell		Plantaginaceae	1941	Alaska	Veronica chamaedrys
*Veronica longifolia* L.	VELO2	longleaf speedwell		Plantaginaceae	1973	Yukon	Veronica longifolia
*Veronica officinalis* L.	VEOF2	common gypsyweed		Plantaginaceae	2006	Alaska	Veronica officinalis
*Veronica peregrina* L.	VEPEX2	purslane speedwell		Plantaginaceae	1919	Alaska	Veronica peregrina ssp. xalapensis, Veronica peregrina var. xalapensis, Veronica sherwoodii, Veronica xalapensis
*Veronica peregrina* L. ssp. peregrina	VEPEP	neckweed		Plantaginaceae	2007	Alaska	Veronica peregrina ssp. peregrina, Veronica peregrina var. typica
*Veronica persica* Poir.	VEPE3	birdeye speedwell		Plantaginaceae	1918	Alaska	Veronica persica, Veronica persica var. aschersoniana, Veronica persica var. corrensiana, Pocilla persica, Veronica buxbaumii
*Veronica serpyllifolia* L. ssp. serpyllifolia	VESES	thymeleaf speedwell	36	Plantaginaceae	1918	Alaska	Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia, Veronica serpyllifolia var. nummularioides, Veronicastrum serpyllifolium
*Veronica spicata* L. ssp. spicata	VESPS	spiked speedwell		Plantaginaceae	1918	Alaska	Veronica spicata ssp. spicata
*Viburnum opulus* L.	VIOP	American cranberrybush		Adoxaceae	2005	Alaska	Viburnum opulus
*Vicia cracca* L. ssp. cracca	VICRC	bird vetch	73	Fabaceae	1909	Alaska	Vicia cracca ssp. grossheimii, Vicia semicincta, Vicia cracca ssp. cracca
*Vicia hirsuta* (L.) Gray	VIHI	tiny vetch		Fabaceae	2014	Alaska	Vicia hirsuta
*Vicia sativa* L. ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.	VISAN2	garden vetch		Fabaceae	1918	Alaska	Vicia angustifolia, Vicia angustifolia var. segetalis, Vicia angustifolia var. uncinata, Vicia sativa var. angustifolia, Vicia sativa var. nigra, Vicia sativa var. segetalis, Vicia pilosa, Vicia sativa ssp. segetalis
*Vicia villosa* Roth	VIVI	winter vetch	53	Fabaceae	1931	Alaska	Vicia villosa
*Viola tricolor* L.	VITR	johnny jumpup	34	Violaceae	1995	Alaska	Viola tricolor
*Vulpia myuros* (L.) C.C. Gmel.	VUMY	annual fescue		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only	Festuca myuros, Festuca megalura var. hirsuta, Avena muralis, Distomomischus myuros, Festuca monandra, Festuca myuros, Zerna myuros
*Zostera japonica* Asch. & Graebn.	ZOJA2	dwarf eelgrass	53	Zosteraceae		Alaska Watchlist	Zostera americana, Nanozostera japonica, Nanozostera americana