Non-Native Plant Species List – Alaska Center for Conservation Science

ACCS has been tracking all non-native plants known to occur in Alaska since 2002. To qualify for listing, the species must be found escaped outside of a designated planting/gardening area and not on private lands. The designation of nativity status for plants involves a careful review of the known distribution of the species and documentation of earliest establishment in our region. We consider the context of early botanical explorers documenting the flora of Alaska by using historic floras, herbaria records, and current scientific literature to inform our listing decisions and document the first presence in our region. Here we list the non-native plant species known to or likely to occur in our region. In collaboration with biologists, land managers, and weed scientists across the state, ACCS has developed an invasive plant ranking system that helps evaluate the potential invasiveness and impacts of non-native plants to natural areas in Alaska (Carlson et al. 2008). Most species have biographies and an invasiveness rank.

The AKEPIC list is maintained by ACCS Botanists, please report new species to Justin Fulkerson

Scientific Name	Symbol	Common Name	Rank	Family	Est.	Occurrence
*Acer negundo* L.	ACNE2	boxelder		Aceraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Achillea filipendulina* Lam.	ACFI	fernleaf yarrow		Asteraceae	2005	Alaska
*Achillea ptarmica* L.	ACPT	sneezeweed	46	Asteraceae	1913	Alaska
*Achnatherum hymenoides* (Roem. & Schult.) Barkworth	ACHY	Indian ricegrass		Poaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)
*Acorus calamus* L.	ACCA4	calamus		Acoraceae	1968	Alaska
*Acroptilon repens* (L.) DC.	ACRE3	hardheads	66	Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Aegopodium podagraria* L.	AEPO	bishop's goutweed	57	Apiaceae	2006	Alaska
*Agropyron cristatum* (L.) Gaertn.	AGCR	crested wheatgrass		Poaceae	1939	Alaska
*Agropyron desertorum* (Fisch. ex Link) J.A. Schult.	AGDE2	desert wheatgrass		Poaceae	1941	Alaska
*Agropyron fragile* (Roth) P. Candargy	AGFR	Siberian wheatgrass		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Agrostemma githago* L.	AGGI	common corncockle		Caryophyllaceae	2006	Alaska
*Agrostis capillaris* L.	AGCA5	colonial bentgrass		Poaceae	1941	Alaska
*Agrostis gigantea* Roth	AGGI2	redtop		Poaceae	1902	Alaska
*Agrostis stolonifera* L.	AGST2	creeping bentgrass		Poaceae	1918	Alaska
*Aira caryophyllea* L.	AICA	silver hairgrass		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Alchemilla mollis* (Buser) Rothm.	ALMO12	lady's mantle	56	Rosaceae	2006	Alaska
*Alchemilla monticola* Opiz	ALMO4	hairy lady's mantle	56	Rosaceae	1979	Alaska
*Alliaria petiolata* (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande	ALPE4	garlic mustard	70	Brassicaceae	2002	Alaska
*Alnus glutinosa* (L.) Gaertn.	ALGL2	European alder	61	Betulaceae		Alaska Watchlist
*Alopecurus arundinaceus* Poir.	ALAR	creeping meadow foxtail		Poaceae	2011	Alaska
*Alopecurus geniculatus* L.	ALGE2	water foxtail	49	Poaceae	1940	Alaska
*Alopecurus pratensis* L.	ALPR3	meadow foxtail	52	Poaceae	1934	Alaska
*Alyssum alyssoides* (L.) L.	ALAL3	alyssum		Brassicaceae	1954	Alaska
*Amaranthus albus* L.	AMAL	prostrate pigweed		Amaranthaceae	2003	Alaska
*Amaranthus retroflexus* L.	AMRE	redroot amaranth	45	Amaranthaceae	1918	Alaska
*Amsinckia lycopsoides* Lehm.	AMLY	tarweed fiddleneck		Boraginaceae	1918	Alaska
*Amsinckia menziesii* (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr.	AMME	Menzies' fiddleneck		Boraginaceae	1913	Alaska
*Anthemis cotula* L.	ANCO2	stinking chamomile	41	Asteraceae	1899	Alaska
*Anthemis tinctoria* L.	ANTI	golden chamomile		Asteraceae	1941	Alaska
*Anthoxanthum odoratum* L.	ANOD	sweet vernalgrass		Poaceae	1929	Alaska
*Anthriscus sylvestris* (L.) Hoffm.	ANSY	wild chervil		Apiaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)
*Arabis alpina* L.	ARAL8	alpine rockcress		Brassicaceae		Alaska Watchlist
*Arabis glabra* (L.) Bernh.	ARGL	tower rockcress		Brassicaceae	1829	Alaska
*Arctium lappa* L.	ARLA3	greater burdock		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Arctium minus* Bernh.	ARMI2	common burdock	49	Asteraceae	2006	Alaska
*Armoracia rusticana* G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb.	ARRU4	horseradish		Brassicaceae	1997	Alaska
*Arrhenatherum elatius* (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl	AREL3	tall oatgrass		Poaceae	1902	Alaska
*Artemisia biennis* Willd.	ARBI2	biennial wormwood		Asteraceae	1968	Alaska
*Artemisia vulgaris* L.	ARVU	common wormwood		Asteraceae	2003	Alaska
*Asperugo procumbens* L.	ASPR	German-madwort		Boraginaceae	1941	Alaska
*Atriplex hortensis* L.	ATHO	garden orache		Chenopodiaceae	1946	Alaska
*Atriplex patula* L.	ATPA4	spear saltbush		Chenopodiaceae	1939	Alaska
*Aurinia saxatilis* (L.) Desv.	AUSA	basket of gold		Brassicaceae	1991	Alaska
*Avena fatua* L.	AVFA	wild oat		Poaceae	1941	Alaska
*Avena sativa* L.	AVSA	common oat		Poaceae	1918	Alaska
*Axyris amaranthoides* L.	AXAM	Russian pigweed		Chenopodiaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Barbarea verna* (Mill.) Asch.	BAVE	early yellowrocket		Brassicaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Barbarea vulgaris* W.T. Aiton	BAVU	garden yellowrocket		Brassicaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Bellis perennis* L.	BEPE2	lawndaisy		Asteraceae	1937	Alaska
*Berteroa incana* (L.) DC.	BEIN2	hoary alyssum		Brassicaceae	1970	Alaska
*Betula pendula* Roth	BEPE3	European white birch		Betulaceae	2005	Alaska
*Bidens cernua* L.	BICE	nodding beggartick		Asteraceae	1909	Alaska
*Bidens frondosa* L.	BIFR	devil's beggartick		Asteraceae	1968	Alaska
*Borago officinalis* L.	BOOF	common borage		Boraginaceae	1998	Alaska
*Brachypodium sylvaticum* (Huds.) P. Beauv.	BRSY	slender false brome	70	Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Brassica juncea* (L.) Czern.	BRJU	brown mustard		Brassicaceae	1925	Alaska
*Brassica napus* L.	BRNA	rape	47	Brassicaceae	1913	Alaska
*Brassica rapa* L.	BRRA	field mustard	50	Brassicaceae	1925	Alaska
*Bromus briziformis* Fisch. & C.A. Mey.	BRBR5	rattlesnake brome		Poaceae	1941	Alaska
*Bromus hordeaceus* L.	BRHO2	soft brome		Poaceae	1929	Alaska
*Bromus inermis* Leyss.	BRIN2	smooth brome	62	Poaceae	1914	Alaska
*Bromus japonicus* Thunb. ex Murray	BRAR5	field brome		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Bromus racemosus* L.	BRRA2	bald brome		Poaceae	1941	Alaska
*Bromus secalinus* L.	BRSE	rye brome		Poaceae	1918	Alaska
*Bromus tectorum* L.	BRTE	cheatgrass	78	Poaceae	1923	Alaska
*Calendula officinalis* L.	CAOF	calendula		Asteraceae	2006	Alaska
*Calystegia sepium* (L.) R. Br.	CASE13	hedge false bindweed		Convolvulaceae	2006	Alaska
*Camelina microcarpa* Andrz. ex DC.	CAMI2	littlepod false flax		Brassicaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Camelina sativa* (L.) Crantz	CASA2	gold-of-pleasure		Brassicaceae	1918	Alaska
*Campanula glomerata* L.	CAGL2	Dane's blood		Campanulaceae	2008	Alaska
*Campanula medium* L.	CAME20	Canterbury bells		Campanulaceae	2008	Alaska
*Campanula rapunculoides* L.	CARA	rampion bellflower	64	Campanulaceae	2007	Alaska
*Capsella bursa-pastoris* (L.) Medik.	CABU2	shepherd's purse	40	Brassicaceae	1918	Alaska
*Caragana arborescens* Lam.	CAAR18	Siberian peashrub	74	Fabaceae	1995	Alaska
*Carduus acanthoides* L.	CAAC	spiny plumeless thistle	61	Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Carduus nutans* L.	CANU4	nodding plumeless thistle	61	Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Carduus pycnocephalus* L.	CAPY2	Italian plumeless thistle	61	Asteraceae		Alaska Watchlist
*Carduus tenuiflorus* W. Curtis	CATE2	winged plumeless thistle	61	Asteraceae		Alaska Watchlist
*Carex stipata* Muhl. ex Willd.	CAST5	awlfruit sedge		Cyperaceae	1993	Alaska
*Carthamus tinctorius* L.	CATI	safflower		Asteraceae	2004	Alaska (unconfirmed)
*Castilleja tenuis* (A. Heller) T.I. Chuang & Heckard	CATE26	hairy Indian paintbrush		Orobanchaceae	1918	Alaska
*Centaurea cyanus* L.	CECY2	garden cornflower		Asteraceae	2008	Alaska
*Centaurea montana* L.	CEMO	perennial cornflower	46	Asteraceae	2005	Alaska
*Centaurea scabiosa* L.	CESC2	greater knapweed		Asteraceae	2004	Alaska
*Centaurea stoebe* L.	CEST8	spotted knapweed	86	Asteraceae	2004	Alaska
*Cerastium fontanum* Baumg. ssp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet	CEFOV2	big chickweed	36	Caryophyllaceae	1899	Alaska
*Cerastium glomeratum* Thuill.	CEGL2	sticky chickweed	36	Caryophyllaceae	1913	Alaska
*Cerastium nutans* Raf.	CENU2	nodding chickweed		Caryophyllaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Cerastium tomentosum* L.	CETO2	snow in summer		Caryophyllaceae	2006	Alaska
*Chaenorhinum minus* (L.) Lange	CHMI	dwarf snapdragon		Plantaginaceae	2007	Alaska
*Chenopodium album* L. var. album	CHALA	lambsquarters	37	Chenopodiaceae	1902	Alaska
*Chenopodium berlandieri* Moq. var. berlandieri	CHBEB2	pitseed goosefoot		Chenopodiaceae	1941	Alaska
*Chenopodium leptophyllum* (Moq.) Nutt. ex S. Watson	CHLE4	narrowleaf goosefoot		Chenopodiaceae	1950	Alaska
*Chenopodium rubrum* L.	CHRU	red goosefoot		Chenopodiaceae	1968	Alaska
*Chenopodium simplex* (Torr.) Raf.	CHSI2	mapleleaf goosefoot		Chenopodiaceae	1995	Alaska
*Cichorium intybus* L.	CIIN	chicory		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Cirsium arvense* (L.) Scop.	CIAR4	Canada thistle	76	Asteraceae	1925	Alaska
*Cirsium vulgare* (Savi) Ten.	CIVU	bull thistle	61	Asteraceae	1941	Alaska
*Clematis tangutica* (Maxim.) Korsh.	CLTA2	golden virginsbower		Ranunculaceae	2009	Alaska
*Clinopodium douglasii* (Benth.) Kuntze	CLDO2	yerba buena		Lamiaceae	1891	Alaska
*Collomia linearis* Nutt.	COLI2	tiny trumpet		Polemoniaceae	1931	Alaska
*Conium maculatum* L.	COMA2	poison hemlock		Apiaceae	2006	Alaska
*Conringia orientalis* (L.) Dumort.	COOR	hare's ear mustard		Brassicaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Convallaria majalis* L.	COMA7	European lily of the valley		Liliaceae		Alaska Watchlist
*Convolvulus arvensis* L.	COAR4	field bindweed	56	Convolvulaceae	2004	Alaska
*Conyza canadensis* (L.) Cronquist	COCA5	Canadian horseweed		Asteraceae	1982	Alaska
*Cotula coronopifolia* L.	COCO7	common brassbuttons	42	Asteraceae	1932	Alaska
*Crepis capillaris* (L.) Wallr.	CRCA3	smooth hawksbeard		Asteraceae	1996	Alaska
*Crepis tectorum* L.	CRTE3	narrowleaf hawksbeard	56	Asteraceae	1970	Alaska
*Cryptantha torreyana* (A. Gray) Greene	CRTO4	Torrey's cryptantha		Boraginaceae	1902	Alaska
*Cytisus scoparius* (L.) Link	CYSC4	Scotch broom	69	Fabaceae	1983	Alaska
*Dactylis glomerata* L.	DAGL	orchardgrass	53	Poaceae	1902	Alaska
*Daphne mezereum* L.	DAME3	paradise plant		Thymelaeaceae	1998	Alaska
*Daucus carota* L.	DACA6	Queen Anne's lace		Apiaceae	2005	Alaska
*Deschampsia danthonioides* (Trin.) Munro	DEDA	annual hairgrass		Poaceae	1941	Alaska
*Deschampsia elongata* (Hook.) Munro	DEEL	slender hairgrass	35	Poaceae	1945	Alaska
*Descurainia sophia* (L.) Webb ex Prantl	DESO2	herb sophia	41	Brassicaceae	1920	Alaska
*Dianthus barbatus* L.	DIBA	sweetwilliam		Caryophyllaceae	1995	Alaska
*Dianthus deltoides* L.	DIDE	maiden pink		Caryophyllaceae	2005	Alaska
*Dianthus plumarius* L.	DIPL	feathered pink		Caryophyllaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Digitalis purpurea* L.	DIPU	purple foxglove	51	Plantaginaceae	2004	Alaska
*Digitaria ischaemum* (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.	DIIS	smooth crabgrass		Poaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)
*Digitaria sanguinalis* (L.) Scop.	DISA	hairy crabgrass		Poaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)
*Dracocephalum moldavica* L.	DRMO	Moldavian dragonhead		Lamiaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)
*Dracocephalum thymiflorum* L.	DRTH	thymeleaf dragonhead		Lamiaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Dulichium arundinaceum* (L.) Britton var. arundinaceum	DUARA	three-way sedge		Cyperaceae	1993	Alaska
*Echinochloa crus-galli* (L.) P. Beauv.	ECCR	barnyardgrass		Poaceae	2014	Alaska
*Echium vulgare* L.	ECVU	common viper's bugloss		Boraginaceae	1975	Alaska
*Elodea canadensis* Michx.	ELODE	Canadian waterweed	79	Hydrocharitaceae	1982	Alaska
*Elodea nuttallii* (Planch.) H. St. John	ELODE	western waterweed	79	Hydrocharitaceae	1982	Alaska
*Elymus canadensis* L.	ELCA4	Canada wildrye		Poaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)
*Elymus repens* (L.) Gould	ELRE4	quackgrass	59	Poaceae	1918	Alaska
*Elymus sibiricus* L.	ELSI	Siberian wildrye	53	Poaceae	1999	Alaska
*Eragrostis intermedia* Hitchc.	ERIN	plains lovegrass		Poaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)
*Erodium cicutarium* (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton	ERCI6	redstem stork's bill		Geraniaceae	1909	Alaska
*Erucastrum gallicum* (Willd.) O.E. Schulz	ERGA	common dogmustard		Brassicaceae	1994	Alaska
*Erysimum capitatum* (Douglas ex Hook.) Greene (cultivar)	ERCA14	sanddune wallflower		Brassicaceae	2004	Alaska
*Erysimum cheiri* (L.) Crantz	ERCH10	Aegean wallflower		Brassicaceae	2011	Alaska
*Eschscholzia californica* Cham.	ESCA2	California poppy		Papaveraceae	1995	Alaska
*Euphorbia cyparissias* L.	EUCY2	cypress spurge		Euphorbiaceae	2014	Alaska
*Euphorbia esula* L.	EUES	leafy spurge	84	Euphorbiaceae	2012	Alaska
*Euphorbia peplus* L.	EUPE6	petty spurge		Euphorbiaceae	1974	Alaska
*Euphrasia nemorosa* (Pers.) Wallr.	EUNE3	common eyebright	42	Scrophulariaceae	2000	Alaska
*Fagopyrum esculentum* Moench	FAES2	buckwheat		Polygonaceae	1974	Alaska
*Fallopia ×bohemica* (J. Chrtek & Chrtkov) J.P. Bailey	POBO10	Bohemian knotweed	87	Polygonaceae	2004	Alaska
*Fallopia convolvulus* (L.) Á. Löve	FACO	black bindweed	50	Polygonaceae	1931	Alaska
*Fallopia japonica* (Houtt.) Ronse Decr.	FAJA2	Japanese knotweed	87	Polygonaceae	1981	Alaska
*Fallopia sachalinensis* (F. Schmidt ex Maxim.) Ronse Decr.	FASA3	giant knotweed	87	Polygonaceae	2006	Alaska
*Festuca brevipila* Tracey	FEBR7	hard fescue		Poaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)
*Festuca valesiaca* Schleich. ex Gaudin	FEVA2	Volga fescue		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Gaillardia aristata* Pursh	GAAR	common gaillardia		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Gaillardia pulchella* Foug.	GAPU	Indian blanket		Asteraceae	1995	Alaska
*Galeopsis bifida* Boenn.	GABI3	splitlip hempnettle	50	Lamiaceae	1969	Alaska
*Galeopsis tetrahit* L.	GATE2	brittlestem hempnettle	50	Lamiaceae	1867	Alaska
*Geranium bicknellii* Britton	GEBI2	Bicknell's cranesbill		Geraniaceae	1924	Alaska
*Geranium carolinianum* L.	GECA5	Carolina cranesbill		Geraniaceae	1959	Alaska
*Geranium pusillum* L.	GEPU2	small geranium		Geraniaceae	1994	Alaska
*Geranium robertianum* L.	GERO	Robert geranium	67	Geraniaceae	1941	Alaska
*Geranium sanguineum* L.	GESA2	bloody geranium		Geraniaceae	1959	Alaska
*Gilia achilleifolia* Benth.	GIAC2	California gilia		Polemoniaceae	1941	Alaska
*Gilia capitata* Sims	GICA5	bluehead gilia		Polemoniaceae	1941	Alaska
*Glebionis segetum* (L.) Fourr.	GLSE5	corndaisy		Asteraceae	1968	Alaska
*Glechoma hederacea* L.	GLHE2	ground ivy	48	Lamiaceae	1941	Alaska
*Glyceria maxima* (Hartm.) Holmb.	GLMA3	reed mannagrass		Poaceae	1941	Alaska
*Gnaphalium palustre* Nutt.	GNPA	marsh cudweed		Asteraceae	2005	Alaska
*Gnaphalium uliginosum* L.	GNUL	marsh cudweed		Asteraceae	1941	Alaska
*Gypsophila elegans* M. Bieb.	GYEL	showy baby's-breath		Caryophyllaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Gypsophila paniculata* L.	GYPA	baby's breath	57	Caryophyllaceae	2004	Alaska
*Hackelia micrantha* (Eastw.) J.L. Gentry	HAMI	Jessica sticktight		Boraginaceae	1968	Alaska
*Hedera helix* L.	HEHE	English ivy	73	Araliaceae	2006	Alaska
*Helianthus annuus* L.	HEAN3	common sunflower		Asteraceae	1941	Alaska
*Heracleum mantegazzianum* Sommier & Levier	HEMA17	giant hogweed	81	Apiaceae	2010	Alaska
*Heracleum sphondylium* L. ssp. sibiricum (L.) Simonkai	HESPS	eltrot		Apiaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Hesperis matronalis* L.	HEMA3	dames rocket	41	Brassicaceae	1941	Alaska
*Hieracium aurantiacum* L.	HIAU	orange hawkweed	79	Asteraceae	1969	Alaska
*Hieracium caespitosum* Dumort.	HICA10	meadow hawkweed	79	Asteraceae	2004	Alaska
*Hieracium glomeratum* Froel.	HIGL3	queen-devil hawkweed		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Hieracium lachenalii* C.C. Gmel.	HILA8	common hawkweed	57	Asteraceae	2005	Alaska
*Hieracium murorum* L.	HIMU	wall hawkweed		Asteraceae	2005	Alaska
*Hieracium pilosella* L.	HIPI	mouseear hawkweed	63	Asteraceae	2004	Alaska
*Hieracium piloselloides* Vill.	HIPI2	tall hawkweed		Asteraceae	2006	Alaska
*Hieracium sabaudum* L.	HISA4	New England hawkweed		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Hieracium umbellatum* L.	HIUM	narrowleaf hawkweed	51	Asteraceae	1996	Alaska
*Hieracium ×flagellare* Willd. [caespitosum × pilosella]	HIFL2	hawkweed		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Holcus lanatus* L.	HOLA	common velvetgrass	56	Poaceae	1906	Alaska
*Holcus mollis* L.	HOMO	creeping velvet grass		Poaceae	2007	Alaska
*Hordeum comosum* J. Presl	HOCO4	barley		Poaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)
*Hordeum jubatum* L.	HOJU	foxtail barley	63	Poaceae	1889	Alaska
*Hordeum murinum* L. ssp. *leporinum* (Link) Arcang.	HOMUL	leporinum barley	60	Poaceae	2004	Alaska
*Hordeum vulgare* L.	HOVU	common barley	39	Poaceae	1918	Alaska
*Hydrilla verticillata* (L. f.) Royle	HYVE3	waterthyme	80	Hydrocharitaceae		Alaska Watchlist
*Hypericum perforatum* L.	HYPE	St. Johnswort	52	Clusiaceae	1981	Alaska
*Hypochaeris radicata* L.	HYRA3	hairy cat's ear	44	Asteraceae	1919	Alaska
*Iberis amara* L.	IBAM	annual candytuft		Brassicaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)
*Iberis umbellata* L.	IBUM	globe candytuft		Brassicaceae	1946	Alaska
*Ilex aquifolium* L.	ILAQ80	English holly	67	Aquifoliaceae	2006	Alaska
*Impatiens glandulifera* Royle	IMGL	ornamental jewelweed	82	Balsaminaceae	2004	Alaska
*Iris pseudacorus* L.	IRPS	paleyellow iris	66	Iridaceae	2006	Alaska
*Kochia scoparia* (L.) Schrad.	KOSC	burningbush		Chenopodiaceae	2013	Alaska
*Lactuca serriola* L.	LASE	prickly lettuce		Asteraceae	2005	Alaska
*Lactuca tatarica* (L.) C.A. Mey.	LATA	blue lettuce		Asteraceae	1932	Alaska
*Lamium album* L.	LAAL	white deadnettle	40	Lamiaceae	1950	Alaska
*Lamium amplexicaule* L.	LAAM	henbit deadnettle		Lamiaceae	2011	Alaska
*Lamium maculatum* L.	LAMA	spotted henbit		Lamiaceae	1974	Alaska
*Lappula squarrosa* (Retz.) Dumort.	LASQ	European stickseed	44	Boraginaceae	1944	Alaska
*Lapsana communis* L.	LACO3	common nipplewort	33	Asteraceae	1919	Alaska
*Lathyrus pratensis* L.	LAPR	meadow pea		Fabaceae	1932	Alaska
*Leontodon autumnalis* L.	LEAU2	fall dandelion	51	Asteraceae	1997	Alaska
*Leontodon hirtus* auct. non L.	LEHI4	rough hawkbit		Asteraceae	2012	Alaska
*Leontodon hispidus* L.	LEHI	hairy hawkbit		Asteraceae	2005	Alaska
*Leontodon saxatilis* Lam.	LETA	lesser hawkbit		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Lepidium campestre* (L.) W.T. Aiton	LECA5	field pepperweed		Brassicaceae	2005	Alaska
*Lepidium densiflorum* Schrad.	LEDE	common pepperweed	25	Brassicaceae	1919	Alaska
*Lepidium heterophyllum* Benth.	LEHE2	purpleanther field pepperweed		Brassicaceae	2013	Alaska
*Lepidium latifolium* L.	LELA2	broadleaved pepperweed	71	Brassicaceae	2011	Alaska
*Lepidium ramosissimum* A. Nelson	LERA2	manybranched pepperweed		Brassicaceae	1891	Alaska
*Lepidium sativum* L.	LESA2	gardencress pepperweed		Brassicaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Lepidium virginicum* L.	LEVI3	Virginia pepperweed		Brassicaceae	1941	Alaska
*Leucanthemum maximum* (Ramond) DC.	LEMA8	Shasta daisy		Asteraceae	2006	Alaska
*Leucanthemum vulgare* Lam.	LEVU	oxeye daisy	61	Asteraceae	1936	Alaska
*Levisticum officinale* W.D.J. Koch	LEOF	garden lovage		Apiaceae	2004	Alaska
*Leymus angustus* (Trin.) Pilg.	LEAN3	Altai wildrye		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Limnanthes douglasii* R. Br. ssp. douglasii	LIDOD	Douglas' meadowfoam		Limnanthaceae	2010	Alaska
*Linaria dalmatica* (L.) Mill.	LIDA	Dalmatian toadflax	58	Plantaginaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Linaria maroccana* Hook. f.	LIMA3	Moroccan toadflax		Plantaginaceae	2011	Alaska
*Linaria pinifolia* (Poir.) Thell.	LIPI3	pineneedle toadflax		Plantaginaceae	2007	Alaska
*Linaria vulgaris* Mill.	LIVU2	butter and eggs	69	Plantaginaceae	1941	Alaska
*Lolium multiflorum* Lam.	LOMU	Italian ryegrass	41	Poaceae	1935	Alaska
*Lolium perenne* L.	LOPE	perennial ryegrass	52	Poaceae	1902	Alaska
*Lolium temulentum* L. ssp. temulentum	LOTET	Darnel ryegrass		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Lonicera tatarica* L.	LOTA	Tatarian honeysuckle	66	Caprifoliaceae	2010	Alaska
*Lotus corniculatus* L.	LOCO6	bird's-foot trefoil	65	Fabaceae	2005	Alaska
*Lupinus polyphyllus* Lindl. ssp. polyphyllus	LUPOP2	bigleaf lupine	71	Fabaceae	1931	Alaska
*Lychnis coronaria* (L.) Desr.	LYCO	rose campion		Caryophyllaceae		Alaska
*Lysimachia nummularia* L.	LYNU	creeping jenny		Primulaceae	2006	Alaska
*Lythrum hyssopifolia* L.	LYHY3	hyssop loosestrife		Lythraceae		Alaska
*Lythrum salicaria* L.	LYSA2	purple loosestrife	84	Lythraceae	2006	Alaska
*Lythrum virgatum* L.	LYVI3	European wand loosestrife	84	Lythraceae		Alaska Watchlist
*Madia glomerata* Hook.	MAGL2	mountain tarweed		Asteraceae	1914	Alaska
*Malva neglecta* Wallr.	MANE	common mallow		Malvaceae	1974	Alaska
*Malva pusilla* Sm.	MAPU5	low mallow		Malvaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Malva sylvestris* L.	MASY	high mallow		Malvaceae	2011	Alaska
*Marrubium vulgare* L.	MAVU	horehound		Lamiaceae	1941	Alaska
*Matricaria discoidea* DC.	MADI6	disc mayweed	32	Asteraceae	1881	Alaska
*Medicago lupulina* L.	MELU	black medick	48	Fabaceae	1930	Alaska
*Medicago minima* (L.) L.	MEMI	burr medic		Fabaceae	2004	Alaska
*Medicago polymorpha* L.	MEPO3	burclover		Fabaceae	1918	Alaska
*Medicago sativa* L. ssp. falcata (L.) Arcang.	MESAS	yellow alfalfa	64	Fabaceae	1915	Alaska
*Medicago sativa* L. ssp. sativa	MESAF	alfalfa	59	Fabaceae	1909	Alaska
*Melilotus albus* Medik.	MEAL2	white sweetclover	81	Fabaceae	1913	Alaska
*Melilotus officinalis* (L.) Lam.	MEOF	yellow sweetclover	69	Fabaceae	1913	Alaska
*Mentha ×piperita* L. [aquatica × spicata]	MEPI	peppermint	43	Lamiaceae	1918	Alaska
*Mentha spicata* L.	MESP3	spearmint	43	Lamiaceae	1918	Alaska
*Microsteris gracilis* (Hook.) Greene	MIGR	slender phlox		Polemoniaceae	1909	Alaska
*Misopates orontium* (L.) Raf.	MIOR	linearleaf snapdragon		Plantaginaceae	1968	Alaska
*Mycelis muralis* (L.) Dumort.	MYMU	wall-lettuce	31	Asteraceae	2004	Alaska
*Myosotis scorpioides* L.	MYSC	true forget-me-not	54	Boraginaceae	1918	Alaska
*Myosotis sylvatica* Ehrh.	MYSY	woodland forget-me-not		Boraginaceae	1962	Alaska
*Myriophyllum spicatum* L.	MYSP2	Eurasian watermilfoil	90	Halagoraceae		Alaska Watchlist
*Myrrhis odorata* (L.) Scop.	MYOD	anise		Apiaceae	2007	Alaska
*Nasturtium officinale* W.T. Aiton	NAOF	watercress		Brassicaceae	1946	Alaska
*Nemophila menziesii* Hook. & Arn.	NEME	baby blue eyes		Hydrophyllaceae	2011	Alaska
*Nepeta cataria* L.	NECA2	catnip		Lamiaceae	1918	Alaska
*Neslia paniculata* (L.) Desv.	NEPA3	ballmustard		Brassicaceae	1931	Alaska
*Nymphaea odorata* Aiton ssp. odorata	NYODO	American white waterlily	80	Nymphaceae	1997	Alaska
*Onobrychis viciifolia* Scop.	ONVI	sainfoin		Fabaceae	2000	Alaska
*Onopordum acanthium* L.	ONAC	stemless thistle		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Panicum miliaceum* L.	PAMI2	proso millet		Poaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)
*Papaver croceum* Ledeb.	PACR80	Iceland poppy	39	Papaveraceae	1974	Alaska
*Papaver rhoeas* L.	PARH2	corn poppy		Papaveraceae	1913	Alaska
*Pascopyrum smithii* (Rydb.) Á. Löve	PASM	western wheatgrass		Poaceae	1968	Alaska
*Pastinaca sativa* L.	PASA2	wild parsnip		Apiaceae	1941	Alaska
*Persicaria lapathifolia* (L.) Gray	PELA22	pale smartweed	47	Polygonaceae	1952	Alaska
*Persicaria maculosa* Gray	PEMA24	spotted ladysthumb	47	Polygonaceae	1940	Alaska
*Persicaria wallichii* Greuter & Burdet, Willd.	PEWA18	Himalayan knotweed	80	Polygonaceae	2006	Alaska
*Phacelia campanularia* A. Gray	PHCA3	desertbells		Hydrophyllaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Phalaris arundinacea* L. (cultivar)	PHAR3	reed canarygrass	83	Poaceae	1905	Alaska
*Phalaris canariensis* L.	PHCA5	annual canarygrass		Poaceae	1909	Alaska
*Phalaris minor* Retz.	PHMI3	littleseed canarygrass		Poaceae	1968	Alaska
*Phedimus spurius* (M. Bieb.) 't Hart	PHSP9	Caucasian stonecrop		Crassulaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Phleum pratense* L.	PHPR3	timothy	54	Poaceae	1918	Alaska
*Phragmites australis* (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.	PHAU7	common reed	83	Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Plagiobothrys figuratus* (Piper) I.M. Johnst. ex M. Peck ssp. figuratus	PLFIF	fragrant popcornflower		Boraginaceae	1944	Alaska
*Plantago lanceolata* L.	PLLA	narrowleaf plantain		Plantaginaceae	1919	Alaska
*Plantago major* L.	PLMA2	common plantain	44	Plantaginaceae	1904	Alaska
*Poa annua* L.	POAN	annual bluegrass	46	Poaceae	1891	Alaska
*Poa compressa* L.	POCO	Canada bluegrass	39	Poaceae	1941	Alaska
*Poa pratensis* L. ssp. irrigata (Lindm.) H. Lindb.	POPR	spreading bluegrass	52	Poaceae	1975	Alaska
*Poa pratensis* L. ssp. pratensis	POPR	Kentucky bluegrass	52	Poaceae	1902	Alaska
*Poa trivialis* L.	POTR2	rough bluegrass	52	Poaceae	1918	Alaska
*Polygonum achoreum* S.F. Blake	POAC3	leathery knotweed		Polygonaceae	1956	Alaska
*Polygonum aviculare* L.	POAV	prostrate knotweed	45	Polygonaceae	1918	Alaska
*Polygonum hydropiper* L.	POHY	marshpepper knotweed		Polygonaceae	1913	Alaska
*Polygonum hydropiperoides* Michx.	POHY2	swamp smartweed		Polygonaceae	1940	Alaska
*Polygonum ramosissimum* Michx.	PORA3	bushy knotweed		Polygonaceae	1968	Alaska
*Polypogon monspeliensis* (L.) Desf.	POMO5	annual rabbitsfoot grass		Poaceae	1919	Alaska
*Potentilla biennis* Greene	POBI7	biennial cinquefoil		Rosaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Potentilla gracilis* Douglas ex Hook. var. brunnescens (Rydb.) C.L. Hitchc.	POGRB	slender cinquefoil		Rosaceae	1951	Alaska
*Potentilla recta* L.	PORE5	sulphur cinquefoil	57	Rosaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Prunus avium* (L.) L.	PRAV	sweet cherry		Rosaceae	2005	Alaska
*Prunus mahaleb* L.	PRMA	Mahaleb cherry		Rosaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Prunus padus* L.	PRPA5	European bird cherry	74	Rosaceae	1980	Alaska
*Prunus virginiana* L.	PRVI	chokecherry	74	Rosaceae	2009	Alaska
*Psathyrostachys juncea* (Fisch.) Nevski	PSJU3	Russian wildrye		Poaceae	1941	Alaska
*Pseudolysimachion longifolium* (L.) Opiz	PSLO6	longleaf speedwell		Plantaginaceae	1973	Alaska
*Psilocarphus elatior* (A. Gray) A. Gray		meadow woolyheads		Asteraceae	2012	Alaska
*Puccinellia distans* (Jacq.) Parl.	PUDI	weeping alkaligrass		Poaceae	1992	Alaska
*Raphanus sativus* L.	RASA2	cultivated radish		Brassicaceae	1936	Alaska
*Rheum rhabarbarum* L.	RHRH2	garden rhubarb		Polygonaceae	2003	Alaska
*Ribes uva-crispa* L.	RIUV80	European gooseberry		Grossulariaceae	2010	Alaska
*Rorippa sylvestris* (L.) Besser	ROSY	creeping yellowcress		Brassicaceae	1994	Alaska
*Rosa rugosa* Thunb.	RORU	rugosa rose	72	Rosaceae	1921	Alaska
*Rubus discolor* Weihe & Nees	RUDI2	Himalayan blackberry	77	Rosaceae	2006	Alaska
*Rudbeckia hirta* L.	RUHI2	blackeyed Susan		Asteraceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)
*Rumex acetosa* L.	RUAC2	garden sorrel		Polygonaceae	2007	Alaska
*Rumex acetosella* L.	RUAC3	common sheep sorrel	51	Polygonaceae	1979	Alaska
*Rumex crispus* L.	RUCR	curly dock	48	Polygonaceae	1909	Alaska
*Rumex longifolius* DC.	RULO2	dooryard dock	48	Polygonaceae	1937	Alaska
*Rumex maritimus* L.	RUMA4	golden dock		Polygonaceae	1941	Alaska
*Rumex obtusifolius* L.	RUOB	bitter dock	48	Polygonaceae	1913	Alaska
*Rumex pseudonatronatus* Borbás	RUPS	field dock		Polygonaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Sagina procumbens* L.	SAPR	birdeye pearlwort	39	Caryophyllaceae	2005	Alaska
*Salix ×pendulina* Wender. [babylonica × euxina]	SAPE12	Wisconsin weeping willow		Salicaceae		Alaska (unconfirmed)
*Saponaria officinalis* L.	SAOF4	bouncingbet	34	Caryophyllaceae	2010	Alaska
*Schedonorus arundinaceus* (Schreb.) Dumort.	SCAR7	tall fescue	63	Poaceae	1941	Alaska
*Schedonorus pratensis* (Huds.) P. Beauv.	SCPR4	meadow fescue		Poaceae	1936	Alaska
*Secale cereale* L.	SECE	cereal rye		Poaceae	1941	Alaska
*Securigera varia* (L.) Lassen	SEVA4	crown vetch	68	Fabaceae	2006	Alaska
*Senecio eremophilus* Richardson	SEER2	desert ragwort		Asteraceae	1968	Alaska
*Senecio integerrimus* Nutt. var. exaltatus (Nutt.) Cronquist	SEINE	Columbia ragwort		Asteraceae	2006	Alaska
*Senecio jacobaea* L.	SEJA	tansy ragwort	63	Asteraceae	1999	Alaska
*Senecio serra* Hook.	SESE2	tall ragwort		Asteraceae	2014	Alaska
*Senecio sylvaticus* L.	SESY	woodland ragwort	41	Asteraceae	2006	Alaska
*Senecio viscosus* L.	SEVI2	sticky ragwort		Asteraceae	2007	Alaska
*Senecio vulgaris* L.	SEVU	old-man-in-the-Spring	36	Asteraceae	1916	Alaska
*Setaria viridis* (L.) P. Beauv.	SEVI4	green bristlegrass		Poaceae	1997	Alaska
*Silene armeria* L.	SIAR	sweet William silene		Caryophyllaceae	2008	Alaska
*Silene chalcedonica* (L.) E. H. L. Krause	LYCH3	maltesecross	42	Caryophyllaceae	1994	Alaska
*Silene csereii* Baumg.	SICS	Balkan catchfly		Caryophyllaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Silene dioica* (L.) Clairville	SIDI4	red catchfly	42	Caryophyllaceae	2007	Alaska
*Silene latifolia* Poir.	SILA21	bladder campion	42	Caryophyllaceae	1937	Alaska
*Silene noctiflora* L.	SINO	nightflowering silene	42	Caryophyllaceae	1938	Alaska
*Silene vulgaris* (Moench) Garcke	SIVU	bladder campion	42	Caryophyllaceae	2010	Alaska
*Silybum marianum* (L.) Gaertn.	SIMA3	blessed milkthistle		Asteraceae	2007	Alaska
*Sinapis alba* L.	SIAL5	white mustard		Brassicaceae	2004	Alaska
*Sinapis arvensis* L.	SIAR4	charlock mustard		Brassicaceae	1909	Alaska
*Sisymbrium altissimum* L.	SIAL2	tall tumblemustard		Brassicaceae	1918	Alaska
*Sisymbrium loeselii* L.	SILO3	small tumbleweed mustard		Brassicaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Sisymbrium officinale* (L.) Scop.	SIOF	hedgemustard		Brassicaceae	1918	Alaska
*Solanum nigrum* L.	SONI	black nightshade		Solanaceae	1918	Alaska
*Solanum physalifolium* Rusby	SOPH	hoe nightshade		Solanaceae	1917	Alaska
*Sonchus arvensis* L. ssp. arvensis	SOARA2	field sowthistle		Asteraceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Sonchus arvensis* L. ssp. uliginosus (M. Bieb.) Nyman	SOARU	moist sowthistle		Asteraceae	1993	Alaska
*Sonchus asper* (L.) Hill	SOAS	spiny sowthistle	46	Asteraceae	1918	Alaska
*Sonchus oleraceus* L.	SOOL	common sowthistle	46	Asteraceae	1941	Alaska
*Sorbaria sorbifolia* (L.) A. Braun	SOSO2	false spiraea		Rosaceae	2005	Alaska
*Sorbus aucuparia* L.	SOAU	European mountain ash	59	Rosaceae	1939	Alaska
*Spartina alterniflora* Loisel.	SPAL	smooth cordgrass	86	Poaceae		Alaska Watchlist
*Spartina anglica* C.E. Hubbard	SPAN5	common cordgrass	86	Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Spartina densiflora* Brongn.	SPDE2	denseflower cordgrass	86	Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Spartina patens* (Aiton) Muhl.	SPPA	saltmeadow cordgrass	86	Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Spergula arvensis* L.	SPAR	corn spurry	32	Caryophyllaceae	1867	Alaska
*Spergularia rubra* (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl	SPRU	red sandspurry	34	Caryophyllaceae	1940	Alaska
*Stellaria media* (L.) Vill.	STME2	common chickweed	42*	Caryophyllaceae	1816	Alaska
*Symphytum asperum* Lepechin	SYAS	prickly comfrey		Boraginaceae	1994	Alaska
*Symphytum officinale* L.	SYOF	common comfrey	48	Boraginaceae	2004	Alaska
*Tanacetum vulgare* L.	TAVU	common tansy	60	Asteraceae	1941	Alaska
*Taraxacum erythrospermum* Andrz. ex Besser	TAER3	rock dandelion		Asteraceae	1941	Alaska
*Taraxacum officinale* F.H. Wigg.	TAOF	common dandelion	58	Asteraceae	1916	Alaska
*Thinopyrum intermedium* (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey	THIN6	intermediate wheatgrass		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Thinopyrum ponticum* (Podp.) Z.-W. Liu & R.-C. Wang	THPO7	tall wheatgrass		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Thlaspi arvense* L.	THAR5	field pennycress	42	Brassicaceae	1919	Alaska
*Tragopogon dubius* Scop.	TRDU	yellow salsify	50	Asteraceae	2003	Alaska
*Trifolium aureum* Pollich	TRAU2	golden clover		Fabaceae	2005	Alaska
*Trifolium campestre* Schreb.	TRCA5	field clover		Fabaceae	1968	Alaska
*Trifolium dubium* Sibth.	TRDU2	suckling clover	50	Fabaceae	1941	Alaska
*Trifolium hybridum* L.	TRHY	alsike clover	57	Fabaceae	1901	Alaska
*Trifolium lupinaster* L.	TRLU	lupine clover		Fabaceae	1932	Alaska
*Trifolium microcephalum* Pursh	TRMI4	smallhead clover		Fabaceae	1909	Alaska
*Trifolium pratense* L.	TRPR2	red clover	53	Fabaceae	1902	Alaska
*Trifolium repens* L.	TRRE3	white clover	59	Fabaceae	1902	Alaska
*Trifolium variegatum* Nutt.	TRVA	whitetip clover		Fabaceae	1947	Alaska
*Tripleurospermum inodorum* (L.) Sch. Bip.	TRIN11	scentless false mayweed	48	Asteraceae	1934	Alaska
*Triticum aestivum* L.	TRAE	common wheat		Poaceae	1918	Alaska
*Trollius europeus* L.	TREU3	European globeflower		Ranunculaceae	2010	Alaska
*Urtica urens* L.	URUR	dwarf nettle		Urticaceae	1941	Alaska
*Vaccaria hispanica* (Mill.) Rauschert	VAHI2	cow soapwort		Caryophyllaceae	1909	Alaska
*Valeriana officinalis* L.	VAOF	garden valerian		Valerianaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Verbascum thapsus* L.	VETH	common mullein	52	Scrophulariaceae	2007	Alaska
*Veronica anagallis-aquatica* L.	VEAN2	water speedwell		Scrophulariaceae	1968	Alaska
*Veronica arvensis* L.	VEAR	corn speedwell		Scrophulariaceae	1918	Alaska
*Veronica chamaedrys* L.	VECH	germander speedwell		Plantaginaceae	1941	Alaska
*Veronica officinalis* L.	VEOF2	common gypsyweed		Plantaginaceae	2006	Alaska
*Veronica peregrina* L. ssp. peregrina	VEPEP	neckweed		Plantaginaceae	2007	Alaska
*Veronica peregrina* L. ssp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell	VEPEX2	hairy purslane speedwell		Plantaginaceae	1919	Alaska
*Veronica persica* Poir.	VEPE3	birdeye speedwell		Scrophulariaceae	1918	Alaska
*Veronica serpyllifolia* L. ssp. serpyllifolia	VESES	thymeleaf speedwell	36	Plantaginaceae	1918	Alaska
*Veronica spicata* L. ssp. spicata	VESPS	spiked speedwell		Plantaginaceae	1918	Alaska
*Viburnum opulus* L.	VIOP	American cranberrybush		Caprifoliaceae	2005	Alaska
*Vicia cracca* L. ssp. cracca	VICRC	bird vetch	73	Fabaceae	1909	Alaska
*Vicia hirsuta* (L.) Gray	VIHI	tiny vetch		Fabaceae	2014	Alaska
*Vicia sativa* L. ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.	VISAN2	garden vetch		Fabaceae	1918	Alaska
*Vicia villosa* Roth	VIVI	winter vetch	53	Fabaceae	1931	Alaska
*Viola tricolor* L.	VITR	johnny jumpup	34	Violaceae	1995	Alaska
*Vulpia myuros* (L.) C.C. Gmel.	VUMY	annual fescue		Poaceae		Adjacent Canada only
*Zostera japonica* Asch & Graebn.	ZOJA2	dwarf eelgrass	53	Zosteraceae		Alaska Watchlist
*Astragalus cicer*L.	ASCI4	Chickpea milkvetch		Fabaceae	2000	Alaska
*Cotoneaster simonsii* Baker	COSI82	Simon’s cotoneaster	42	Rosaceae	2014	Alaska
*Prunus maackii* Rupr.	PRMA9	Amur chokecherry	45	Rosaceae	2012	Alaska
*Ranunculus acris* L.	RAAC3	Tall Buttercup	60	Ranunculaceae	1945	Alaska
*Ranunculus repens* L.	RARE3	Creeping Buttercup	72	Ranunculaceae	1881	Alaska
*Sonchus arvensis* L.	SOAR2	Perennial Sowthistle	65	Asteraceae	1918	Alaska

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